Umthetho we-ABCDE wokuhlola isikhumba (Umhlahlandlela wabaqalayo)

Umthetho we-ABCDE ngumkhombandlela ophumeleleka wokunceda bobabantu abaqeqeshiweyo kwezempilo kunye noluntu jikelele ukujonga iimpawu zeemfumba ezinemibala ezichaza ukuba zingaba ne-melanoma. Waziswa okokuqala kwi-1980s ngoodermatologists kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York, uye waba yindlela efundiswa kakhulu yokuzihlola kwesikhumba emhlabeni jikelele. Iletter nganye imele uphawu lwezibalo oluhambelana ne-melanoma: Ukungalingani, Ukungahambelani kwemida, Uhlobo lweMibala, Ububanzi obungaphezulu kweemilimitha eziyisixhenxe, kunye noPhuculo okanye utshintsho ngexesha.

Umkhombandlela wawenziwe ukuze ube lula ukufikelela kubantu abangekho noqeqesho lwezempilo, uguqula iimeko ezinzima zonyango zibe kwiikholamu ezilula zokujonga ezinokuthi zisebenze ngexesha lokuzihlola. Umthetho we-ABCDE akuyomsebenzi wokuxilonga. Yinto yokukhangela ekuncedayo ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba zeziphi iimpumlo ezifanele ukujolisa ngongcali kunye neziphi ezingenakuba zixhaphakile.

Iimpumlo ezininzi ezilungileyo zingabonisa omnye wale miphumela, kwaye hayi zonke i-melanomas zibonisa zonke ezi zintlanu. Umkhombandlela we-ABCDE uqonda kangcono njengemixholo yokuxoxa nomgibeli wakho kunokuba ibe yirekhodi ye-yes-or-no yokuxilongwa!! Umthetho usebenza ngokukhokela ingqalelo yakho kwiimpawu ezivela rhoqo kwi-melanomas kunokuba kwiimpumlo ezilungileyo.

Xa impumlo ibonisa iimpawu ezininzi ze-ABCDE ngaxeshanye, umphumo wokungabaza uyanda. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo ophambili wezonyango kukuba nayiphi na impumlo ebangela ukukhathazeka, nokuba ayihambelani ngokucacileyo nale migaqo, ifanele ukujolisa ngongcali. Ukuqonda umgaqo ngamnye ngokweenkcukacha kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise umkhombandlela ngokuqinisekileyo nangokuchaneka ngexesha lokuzihlola kwakho ngenyanga. Izigaba ezilandelayo zihlula umphakathi ngamnye ngengcebiso esebenzayo yokujonga nokuba ungayichaza njani into oyibonayo.

Ukungalingani kuhlolwa ngokucinga umgca odweba phakathi kwendawo ephakathi ye-mole. I-mole efanelekileyo iya kuba nezigaba ezimbini eziphakathi kokuba zifane, nokuba udweba umgca ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo, okanye ngokuqhuba. I-mole engalingani iya kuba nezigaba ezimbini ezahluke kakhulu kumfanekiso, ukungabi neempawu, okanye ukuphakama.

Ukuze uhlolisise ukungalingani ekhaya, jonga i-mole ngqo phezulu kwaye uthathe umfanekiso wokuziqhenya. Emva koko, phosa umgca wakho owucinga ngama-90 degrees kwaye uhlule kwakhona. Ukuba i-mole ibonakala ilungile kwiimeko zombini, ibonisa kakuhle kwi-symmetry.

Ukuba omnye umphakathi ubonisa ukungalingani, ubonisa ukungafani kwemibala, okanye uhleli phezulu kunezinye iindawo, qaphela oku njengendawo yokungalingani. Iimpumlo ezininzi ezilungileyo zihlala zifane, nangona ukungalingani okupheleleyo akufuneki ukuba kube yimpumlo evumelekileyo. Iimpawu ezincinci zihlala zikhona kwaye kulindelekile.

Ukukhathazeka kuvela xa ukungalingani kukhulu kwaye kubonakala, okanye xa i-mole eyayifane ngaphambili ithola ukungalingani ngokucacileyo ngexesha. Ukungahambelani kwemida kubhekisela kumgangatho wombhobho apho i-mole idibana nesikhumba esijolise kumphakathi. Iimpumlo ezilungileyo zihlala zineemida ezithambileyo, ezichaziweyo ezidala umgca ococekileyo phakathi kwendawo enombala kunye nesikhumba esijolise kumphakathi.

Ungalandelela umda ngamehlo akho kwaye ulandele umjelo ococekileyo, ophindaphindayo. Iimida ezikhathazayo zibonakala zinezigaba eziningi, zineempawu ezibukhali, okanye zikhanyiswe apho umphakathi ubonakala uphumelele kancinci kwi-skin ngaphandle komda ocacileyo. Ezinye i-melanomas zibonisa i-pseudopods, ezikwiindawo ezithile ze-pigment eziphuma ngaphandle komzimba ophakathi kwe-lesion. Ukuba umda we-mole ubonakala ungahambelani kwaye ulandela ngeminwe yakho okanye ngamehlo, ufumana iimbobo ezingenakukholwa kunye nezigaba endaweni yomjelo ococekileyo, oku kufanelekile ukuba kubhalwe phantsi kwaye kulandelwe.

Uhlobo lweMibala ngaphakathi kwe-mole ngumgaqo ophucukileyo wokuhlola. Jonga i-mole kwaye ubuze ukuba ngaba iyimibala emininzi okanye ngaba iqulethe iitshokhwe ezahlukeneyo okanye iitshokhwe ngaphakathi kwemida yayo. Iimpumlo ezijolise kumphakathi zihlala zine-shade enye ye-brown, ukusuka kwi-tan elula ukuya kwi-brown emnyama ngokuxhomekeka kumntu.

Igama eliphambili ngu-uniform. I-mole egcwele i-brown emnyama ibonakala ingakhathazeki kangako kunale ibonisa iindawo eziluhlaza, ezimnyama, kunye ne-black ngaphakathi kwe-lesion efanayo. Ukubakhona kweendawo ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, okanye ezimnyama ezimnyama ngaphakathi kwe-lesion enombala kubalulekile kakhulu kuba le mibala ibonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zeemithambo ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-mole kwaye azivamkile kwi-lesions ezilungileyo.!!

Xa uhlola imibala, jonga i-mole phantsi kwemibala efanayo. I-mole ebukeka phantsi kokukhanya okushushu kunye naphantsi kokukhanya okukhanyayo ingabonakala ibonisa imibala eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yomthombo wokukhanya. Ngokuqhelekileyo qhathanisa iifoto ezithathwe phantsi kwemeko ezifanayo kwaye uhlolisise imibala ngokoqobo phantsi kokukhanya okusemthethweni.

I-diameter ngumgaqo ophucukileyo kakhulu kodwa ikwasiyona ingaqondakaliyo. Umda wesiko weemilimitha eziyisixhenxe, malunga ne-diameter ye-eraser ye-pencil, wawufakwa okokuqala kuba i-melanomas ngexesha lokuxilongwa zihlala zikhulu kunezi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akutsho ukuba i-melanomas azinakuba zincinci kuneemilimitha eziyisixhenxe.

I-melanomas ezincinci zikhona, kwaye ukungaboni i-lesion ekhathazayo ngenxa yokuba iyimilimitha eziyisihlanu endaweni yezeziyisixhenxe kuya kuba yiphutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimpumlo ezilungileyo zininzi zidlula i-6mm, ngakumbi kubantu abadala ababe nazo ukusukela ebuntwaneni. Sebenzisa i-diameter njengomphumo omnye phakathi kwezininzi kunokuba ibe ngumgaqo ophakathi. I-mole enkulu engekho nezinye iimpawu ezikhathazayo ibonakala ingakhathazeki kangako kunemole encinci ebonisa ukungalingani, ukungahambelani kwemida, kunye nohlobo lweMibala ngaxeshanye.

Abaninzi boodermatologists bacinga ukuba uphuculo ngumgca obalulekileyo kakhulu kwi-ABCDE framework. UPhuculo ubhekisela kunanyani utshintsho kwi-mole ngexesha, kubandakanya utshintsho kumgangatho, umfanekiso, imibala, ukuphakama, umgangatho wesikhumba, okanye iimpawu. I-mole etshintshayo yimpumlo efuna ingqalelo, nokuba ibonakala njani ngoku.

UPhuculo lungavela ngezindlela ezininzi. I-mole ingakhula ibe nkulu, ithathe imibala emitsha ngaphakathi, itshintshwe ukusuka kwi-flat iye kwi-raised, iguquke ukusuka kwi-round iye kwi-oval, ithathe umgangatho ophucukileyo okanye i-scaling, iqale ukungaboni okanye ibe neempawu, ihlale ibhukuza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okucacileyo, okanye ithathe i-crust eyakha kwaye iphinde ibuyisele. Nanyani yale miphumo, ebhalwe phantsi ngeefoto zakho zenyanga kunye neengxelo, ibonisa uphuculo olufanele ukujolisa ngongcali.

Umjikelo wotshintsho ubalulekile. Iimpumlo zingatshintsha kancinci ngaphezulu kweminyaka njengengxenye yeminyaka yokuguga kwesikhumba. Le mveliso ithambileyo, ehlala ihleli, ihluke kwi-mole etshintsha ngokucacileyo kwiiveki ukuya kwiinyanga.

Utshintsho olukhawulezayo lubaluleke kakhulu kunotshintsho olukhawulezayo, nangona nayiphi na uphuculo olucacileyo kufuneka lubhalwe phantsi kwaye lukhankanywe nomgibeli. I-msign ye-ugly duckling ngumqondo ophucukileyo ophuma kwi-ABCDE framework. Iphumeza umbono wokuba iimpumlo ezininzi zomntu zihlala zinefana, umfanekiso wekhaya ngokweemibala kunye nomfanekiso jikelele.

I-ugly duckling yimpumlo ebukeka ngokucacileyo ihluke kwiimpumlo zonke emzimbeni wakho. Le mole engafaniyo ingangabi neempawu ezithile ze-ABCDE, kodwa ibonakala njengeyodwa engafanelekanga. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuba i-msign ye-ugly duckling ingachonga i-melanomas ezingabonisi iimpawu ze-ABCDE ezidumileyo, yenza kube ngumqondo ophucukileyo wokukhangela.

Ngexesha lokuzihlola, phosa umva kwaye uqhathanise iimpumlo, ungajolisi kuphela kwiimpumlo nganye. I-mole ebonakalayo ngokucacileyo ihluke kwiindawo zayo ifanele ingqalelo engakumbi.

Umkhombandlela we-ABCDE unemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo okufuneka iqonde ngayo yonke umsebenzisi. Hayi zonke i-melanomas zibonisa iimpawu ze-ABCDE ezidumileyo. I-nodular melanoma, umphakathi wesibini ophakathi kwe-melanoma, ihlala ibonakala njenge-mole efanelekile, enombala omnye, enomda ococekileyo okanye ibhampa engasekho ngaphantsi kweemilimitha eziyisixhenxe.

Ingaba yombala wesikhumba, pink, okanye obomvu endaweni ye-brown okanye ye-black, ibangela ukuba iphume kwi-letter ye-ABCDE ngaphandle kwe-evolution. I-amelanotic melanomas ayinayo i-pigment ebalulekileyo kwaye ingabonakala njengezindawo ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, okanye ezombala wesikhumba. Ngenxa yokuba umthetho we-ABCDE waphuhliswa ikakhulu malunga ne-lesions ezinemibala, iinguqulelo ze-amelanotic zingaphoswa ngokupheleleyo ngolu hlobo.

Kukho abantu abaninzi abaninzi abaneempumlo ezingafaniyo, ezaziwa njenge-dysplastic nevi, umthetho we-ABCDE uba ungacacanga ngakumbi kuba iimpumlo ezininzi ezilungileyo zingabonisa iimpawu ze-ABCDE. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uphuculo kunye ne-msign ye-ugly duckling ziba zibaluleke ngakumbi kunemigaqo engashukumi yokungalingani, umda, imibala, kunye ne-diameter. Ukuze usebenzise umkhombandlela we-ABCDE ngempumelelo kumsebenzi, sebenzisa njengomphakathi omnye wesicwangciso esibanzi sokujonga.

Yenza ukuzihlola kwakho ngenyanga ngendlela efanelekileyo, uhlolisise iimpumlo ngama-ABCDE, uthathe iifoto kwaye ubhale phantsi imiphumo yakho, jonga iimpumlo ezithile ze-ugly duckling, kwaye ulandele utshintsho ngexesha. Xa i-mole ikhulisa iflegi ngale ndlela, uyithumele kwigcisa ngengxelo yakho. Qonda ngexesha lokubona umgibeli endaweni yokulinda.

Khumbula ukuba iiflegi eziphosa zikhathazekile ngakumbi kuneziphosa ezilungileyo. Kuya kuba ngcono ukuba umgibeli abone i-mole ethathwe ukuba iyilungile kunokuyiphosa i-lesion ekhathazayo ngenxa yokuba ayihambelani ne-ABCDE. Sebenzisa umkhombandlela njengomkhombandlela wokwandisa ingqalelo yakho, hayi njengomgibeli ophosa ukunceda ukufumana uvavanyo lwezempilo.