There is no single exact cause of basal cell carcinoma, but long-term UV exposure from the sun or tanning beds is the main driver. Ionizing radiation, certain harmful chemicals, and chronic skin injuries also increase the risk, especially in fair‑skinned people.
Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads through the body, so the main risk is local destruction of skin and deeper tissues if treatment is delayed. People who have had one basal cell carcinoma have a higher chance of getting new ones and should have regular skin checks.
The main treatment for basal cell carcinoma is complete surgical removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy skin. In some cases, radiation therapy or carefully selected topical treatments may be used, but the key goal is full removal to minimize the risk of recurrence.