Lipoma: Ukuqonda Izinqe Ezithambile Zokhuni Phansi Kwezikhumba Zakho

I-lipoma iyisifo esingelona (esingabangelwa yisifo) esakhiwe ngamaseli amafutha (fat) athuthukile atholakala endaweni ethambile — ungqimba lwamafutha phakathi kwezikhumba nomuscle ongaphansi. Ama-lipomas angama- tumors athambile avamile kubantu abadala, anokuhlala okulinganiselwa cishe ku- one percent yabantu bonke, nakuba inani langempela lingase libe phezulu njengoba ama-lipomas amancane amaningi engabhalwa. Ngokuvamile, aziveza njengezinqe ezithambile, ezifana ne-rubbery, ezine-shape ye-dome ezihamba kalula phansi kwezikhumba uma zicindezelwa — lokhu kuchazwa njengokwakheka okuthambile noma okukhuphukayo.

Ama-lipomas amaningi amancane, aphakathi kuka- one no- five centimeters ububanzi, nakuba angakhula abe mkhulu kakhulu, ama-lipomas amakhulu angaphezu kuka- ten centimeters abhalwe emibhalweni. Ama-lipomas avame ukuvela emzimbeni, ezandleni eziphezulu, ezitheni eziphezulu, nasezikhumbeni, kodwa angavela noma kuphi emzimbeni lapho kukhona isikhumba samafutha. Ngokuvamile, awabuhlungu futhi atholakala ngengozi lapho umuntu ebona iqhwa elisha ngesikhathi sokugeza noma sokugqoka.

Ama-lipomas avame ukuvela kubantu abadala phakathi kweminyaka engu-40 no-60, nakuba angavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kuhlanganise nezingane. Owesilisa nowesifazane bahlaselwa cishe ngokulinganayo, kanti ezinye izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi owesilisa unokuthandwa okuncane. Ama-lipomas avame ukuba yodwa, kodwa cishe ama-5 kuya ku-15 percent abantu abathintekayo bakha ama-lipomas amaningi, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-lipomatosis. Naphezu kokuthi abhalwe njengezifo, ama-lipomas aqinisekisiwe ukuthi ayabuhlungu — akhula kancane, awangeni ezindaweni ezizungezile, futhi awanangozi yokuguqulwa kube yisifo esibi.

Izimbangela ezithile zama-lipomas azikaziwa ngokuphelele, kodwa ucwaningo lukhombisile izinto eziningi ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwazo. Ukuzalwa kwemvelo kuyinto enkulu — ama-lipomas avame ukuhamba emindenini, futhi ezinye izimo ezithile zenzelwa ama-lipomas amaningi njengomfanekiso ophawulekayo. I-familial multiple lipomatosis iyisimo esitholakala ngokuhamba kwe-autosomal esikhathini lapho abantu abathintekayo bakha ama-lipomas angama- dozens kuya kuma- hundreds phakathi kokuphila kwabo.

Isifo sika-Dercum (adiposis dolorosa) siwukuhlukahluka okukhombisa ama-lipomas amaningi abuhlungu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abaphuma esikhathini sokukhulelwa. Isifo sika-Madelung (multiple symmetric lipomatosis) sikhuluma ngama-fat deposits alinganayo emzimbeni naku-shoulders futhi sithinteka nokusetshenziswa kotshwala kanye nezinkinga zokuphila. I-Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome ibandakanya ama-lipomas, i-macrocephaly, kanye ne-intestinal polyps futhi ixhunywe nezinguquko ku-PTEN tumor suppressor gene.

Ezingeni leseli, ama-lipomas avame ukuba nezinguquko ze-chromosomal, ikakhulukazi ezithinta i-chromosome 12q13-15 kanye ne-HMGA2 gene, i-transcription factor ethinta ukukhula kweseli nokuhlukaniswa. Lezi zinguquko zenzeka kumaseli amafutha ahlukene kunokuthi zibe yizinguquko ezitholakala emndenini, futhi zicatshangwa ukuthi ziqhuba ukukhula okukhululekile kwamaseli amafutha akha i-lipoma. Ukuhlukunyezwa kuphakamisa ukuba kube yisikhuthazo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-lipoma kwezinye izimo — umqondo we-posttraumatic lipoma ubonisa ukuthi ukulimala okuphakeme endaweni ethambile kungase kukhuthaze ukukhula kwamaseli amafutha noma kukhulule ama-lobules amafutha akhona ezindaweni ezithile.

Nokho, leli qiniso lisadlalwa. Ukukhuluphala akubangeli ama-lipomas — avame ukuvela ngokuqhathaniswa okufanayo kubantu abancane nabakhuluphele — nakuba ama-lipomas angase abe nzima ukuwathola ngokomzimba kubantu abane-subcutaneous fat eningi.

AmaLipoma anezici eziningi ezihlukile ezivamile ukuvumela ukuxilongwa ngokuzethemba ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni komzimba kuphela. Isici esiyinhloko siwumthamo othambile, onjengokhuni, ongacindezelwa kahle, ophumile ngaphansi kwesikhumba.!! Uma ucindezela iLipoma, uzwa ithoni futhi ingashintshwa kalula ngokuqinile kwezandla — ihluleka futhi ihluleka ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngoba ibhalwe futhi ayixhunyiwe ezakhiweni ezizungezile.

Le mikhawulo ibonisa amaLipoma uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izithako eziphansi. Isikhumba esiphezulu sibonakala sisenhle ngokuphelele — akukho ukushintsha kombala, ukuncipha, noma izinguquko zesikhumba ngaphandle kokuthi iLipoma ibonakale iphansi kakhulu noma ibhujiswe. AmaLipoma amaningi ajwayele ukuba round noma oval, ahlukaniswe kahle, futhi anemikhawulo eqondile ongayilandela ngezandla zakho.

Akhula kancane ezinyangeni kuya eminyakeni futhi ngokuvamile awabuhlungu, nakuba uhlobo oluthile olubizwa nge-Angiolipoma luhlanganisa imithambo yegazi ebonakalayo futhi lungaba nobuhlungu uma uthinta, ikakhulukazi ezandleni zabantu abasha. Ekuthwebulweni, amaLipoma anombono ohlukile owenza kube lula ukuwakhomba uma ukuhlolwa komzimba kungaqondile. I-Ultrasound ikhombisa umthamo ohlukanisiwe, oval, onobungako obuphakeme (obukhanyayo) ezindaweni eziphansi.

I-MRI iyindlela yokuthwebula emqoka, ikhombisa umthamo ohlukanisiwe olandela kahle ubukhulu be-fat signal kuzo zonke izigaba — ukhanya kumifanekiso ye-T1-weighted futhi ube phakathi kumifanekiso ye-T2-weighted enokunciphisa kumasekhethi e-fat-saturated. Lezi zici zokuthwebula ziqinile kakhulu kuLipoma futhi ziyasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaLipoma nezithako ezikhathazayo.

Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kokuxilongwa nganoma iyiphi i-mass entsha ephansi kwesikhumba ukuhlukanisa iLipoma engalapheki neLiposarcoma — i-tumor eyingozi yezicubu zefat. Ngenkathi amaLiposarcoma engavamile (abamba cishe u-15 kuya ku-20 percent wezithako ezithambile, ngokuphakama okungama-100,000 ngonyaka), angase aqale afane namaLipoma futhi imiphumela yokuphuthelwa kweLiposarcoma ibalulekile. Izici eziningi ziyasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.

Usayizi ubalulekile — amaLipoma ajwayele ukuba ngaphansi kwamacentimeter amahlanu, kanti amaLiposarcoma avame ukuba nkulu ngesikhathi sokwethulwa, ngokuvamile edlula amacentimeter amahlanu. Ukukhula okusheshayo akuvamile kumaLipoma, akhula kancane ezinyangeni; i-mass ekhula ngokucacile ezinsukwini kuya ezinyangeni kufanele ikhulise ukungabaza. Indawo ibalulekile: amaLipoma avame kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi, kanti amaLiposarcoma avame ukuvela ezicubeni ezinzima zomlenze, retroperitoneum, nasezithombeni.

Ukuphuma kunganikeza izinkomba — amaLipoma awathambile futhi angacindezelwa, kanti amaLiposarcoma angase abe aqinile, anzima, noma abe nezindawo ezihlukahlukene. AmaLipoma ahamba kalula; amaLiposarcoma angase abambe ezakhiweni ezijulile. Ubuhlungu akuvamile kumaLipoma (ngaphandle kwe-Angiolipomas); ubuhlungu obujulile noma obuqhubekayo kumthamo wefat kudinga ukuhlolwa.

Ku-MRI, amaLiposarcoma avame ukukhombisa ukungafani — izindawo zezicubu ezingezona ezifaty, izikhala ezinzima, ukukhuphuka okukhanyayo nge-contrast — kunokuba kube ne-fat signal elula yeLipoma engalapheki. Umthetho obalulekile wezokwelapha uthi: noma iyiphi i-mass ephansi kwesikhumba enkulu kunezicm amahlanu, ejulile ku-fascia, ekhula ngokushesha, eqinile noma eqinile, ebambekile, noma ebuhlungu kufanele ibonwe futhi kungenzeka ibhujiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-sarcoma, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifana kanjani neLipoma ejwayelekile.!!

Ngoba amaLipoma awalapheki, ukwelashwa akudingekile. Abaningi abagulayo abaneLipoma ezincane, ezingabuhlungu bakhetha ukuhlolela ngokubheka njalo. Nokho, ukususa kungase kube kubalulekile noma kufunwa ngezizathu eziningi: ukukhathazeka kokubukeka, ikakhulukazi kumaLipoma ezindaweni ezibonakalayo ezifana nekhanda, izandla, noma isifuba; ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki, ikakhulukazi nge-Angiolipomas noma amaLipoma acindezela emithanjeni; ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza uma iLipoma ivimba ukuhamba noma icindezela izakhi ezizungezile; ukukhula okuqhubekayo okukhathazayo noma okwenza izinkinga zomzimba; ukungaqiniseki kokuxilongwa lapho kudingeka ibhiyozu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa nokukhishwa kweLiposarcoma; noma ukukhetha komuntu ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele kunokubheka okuqhubekayo.

Ukususwa kwesisu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelashwa futhi kunikeza ukwelashwa okuqondile nezinga eliphansi lokuphindaphinda (cishe u-1 kuya ku-2 percent). Le nqubo ihilela ukwenza umgudu phezu kweLipoma, ukucacisa kahle umthamo obhalwe ezindaweni ezizungezile, nokuwususwa ngokuphelele. AmaLipoma amaningi aphansi angasuswa ngaphansi kokwelashwa kwendawo njengendlela yokuphuma.

Izicubu ezisuswe zithunyelwa ukuze zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa. I-Liposuction ingasetshenziswa kumaLipoma amakhulu, ifaka i-cannula ngempela emgudwini omncane ukuze ikhiphe izicubu zefat. Nakuba le ndlela ishiyela izibazi ezincane, ayisusi i-capsule futhi inezinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda.

Iphinde inganikezi izicubu eziphelele zokuhlola, okuyisithiyo esibalulekile uma kukhona ukungaqiniseki kokuxilongwa. Ukususwa okuncane (ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela) kuhlanganisa umgudu omncane nokukhishwa kwesandla kweLipoma, kunikeza izibazi ezincane kunezokuhlanza ezijwayelekile. Ukufakwa kwe-steroid (i-triamcinolone acetonide efakwe ngqo kwiLipoma) kunganciphisa usayizi weLipoma kodwa akuvamile ukuwususa ngokuphelele. Le ndlela ingase icatshangelwe kubantu abafuna ukugwema ukuhlinzwa.

Ukuthola i-lump entsha ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho kuqinisekile ukuthi kukhuphula imibuzo futhi kuvame ukuveza ukukhathazeka. Ingabe iLipoma? Ingabe kungaba into eyingozi?

I-Skinscanner inikeza ukuhlola kokuqala okusekelwe ku-AI uma uthwebula isithombe futhi uchaza i-lump ephansi kwesikhumba, ihlola izici ezibonakalayo ezifana nokubukeka kwesikhumba esiphezulu, umumo we-mass, kanye nendawo yayo emzimbeni. Ngenkathi ama-lumps aphansi kwesikhumba ebonisa inselelo ehlukile yokuhlaziywa kwezimifanekiso — iningi lolwazi lokuxilongwa luvela ekuthinteni (ukuthi i-lump izwakala kanjani) kunokubukeka kuphela — i-Skinscanner ingasiza ukuhlonza izici zendawo nezindlela zokwabiwa eziphakamisa iLipoma engalapheki uma kuqhathaniswa nezici ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngokujulile. Le app inikeza umongo wezemfundo mayelana nama-lumps aphansi kwesikhumba, ikusize uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izici okufanele uzihlola uma uzwa i-lump entsha — ukuhamba, ukujula, usayizi, ubuhlungu, kanye nezinga lokukhula — nezici ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngochwepheshe.

Kubantu abaziwa ngamaLipoma, ukuqoshwa okujwayelekile nge-Skinscanner kusiza ukulandela izinguquko zosayizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunikeza ubufakazi obungokoqobo bokuzinzile (okuthokozisayo) noma ukukhula (okungase kudinge ukuhlolwa kabusha). Le rekhodi yokubuka iyigugu futhi iyinsiza yokwabelana nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokubonisana. I-Skinscanner ayithathi indawo yokuhlolwa komzimba kwe-masses ephansi kwesikhumba — ukuhlolwa okufanele kwe-lumps ngaphansi kwesikhumba kudinga ukuthintwa, futhi ama-masses akhathazayo adinga ukuthwebula (ultrasound noma MRI) futhi kungenzeka ibhiyozu. Kodwa njengomkhiqizo wokuqala wolwazi, i-Skinscanner ikusize uqonde ukutholakele kwakho futhi wenze isinqumo esiqondile sokuthi nini ukufuna ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe.