I-Acne Vulgaris: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuqonda Nokwelapha Ukuphuma

I-Acne vulgaris iyisimo sesikhumba esivamile emhlabeni, ithinta cishe abantu abangu-50 million baseMelika minyaka yonke kanye no-85% wabantu phakathi kweminyaka engu-12 no-24. Kodwa uma uthwele i-acne eminyakeni yakho engu-30, 40, noma ngaphezulu, awukodwa—i-acne yabantu abadala iyanda, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. I-Acne ithuthukiswa lapho amafollicles ezinwele ehlanganiswa ngamanzi (sebum) kanye nezicubu zesikhumba ezifelekile, kudala indawo lapho amagciwane (ikakhulukazi i-Cutibacterium acnes, eyayaziwa njenge-Propionibacterium acnes) akhula khona futhi akhuthaze ukushisa.

Lokhu kuqala njengendawo evulekile—i-comedone—kungakhula kube ama-papules, ama-pustules, ama-nodules, noma ama-cysts abuhlungu. Izici ezine eziyinhloko eziholela kwi-acne zifaka ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum okweqile, i-keratinization engajwayelekile (ukukhishwa kwezicubu zesikhumba ngendlela engafanele), ukuhlanganiswa kwamagciwane, nokushisa. Kodwa nansi into eyenza i-acne ibe yinkinga: akukhona nje inkinga eyodwa enesisombululo esisodwa.

I-acne yakho iyumphumela wokuxhumana okujule kwezakhi zofuzo, ama-hormone, imvelo, ukudla, ingcindezi, nezindlela zokunakekela isikhumba. Izindlela ezasusa isikhumba somngane wakho zingase zingasebenzi kahle esikhumbeni sakho—noma ziqhubeke zibe kubi. Ngaleso sikhathi, usuku nosuku lwe-acne engalapheki lukhulisa ingozi yakho yokuhlala nezilonda.

Lezi zindawo ezimnyama nezilonda ezibukhali ozibona ebusweni bakho? Iningi lazo lingabe likhishwe ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona ukungenelela okusheshayo. Njengoba ulinda isikhathi eside ukuze ubhekane ne-acne ngendlela efanele, kungenzeka ukuthi uzothwala izimpawu zayo impilo yakho yonke. Thumela isithombe bese uthola imiphumela ngemizuzwana ukuze uqonde ukuthi yisiphi isimo se-acne obhekene naso.

Akukho i-acne eyenziwe ngokulinganayo, futhi ukuqonda uhlobo lwakho oluthile kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. I-acne ye-comedonal iqukethe ama-blackheads (ama-comedones avulekile) kanye nama-whiteheads (ama-comedones avaliwe)—izilonda ezingashisi ezakhiwa lapho ama-pores ehlanganiswa kodwa engakatholakali. Ama-blackheads abonakala emnyama ngenxa yokushiswa, hhayi uthuli.

Ama-whiteheads ayizicubu ezivaliwe ezigcwele i-sebum nezicubu ezifelekile. I-acne eshisayo ithuthukisa isimo: ama-papules ayizicubu ezincane, ezibuhlungu ezibomvu ngaphandle kokuphuma okubonakalayo; ama-pustules ayizicubu ezijwayelekile ezinezingxenye ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi ezigcwele i-pus. Lezi zilonda zihlupha futhi zingahlala amasonto uma zishiywe zodwa.

I-acne ye-nodular ibandakanya ama-lumps amakhulu, aqinile, abuhlungu aphakathi nendawo yesikhumba angahlala ezinyangeni futhi cishe njalo ashiyela izilonda. I-acne ye-cystic iyindlela ebucayi kakhulu—izilonda ezijulile, ezigcwele i-pus ezihlupha kakhulu futhi zizwa njengokuthi zikhona ezibuhlungu ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ama-cysts angaba usayizi wezikhumbuzo zamapensela noma amakhulu, futhi avame ukudala izilonda ezihlala phakade (ezihlabayo) noma eziphakeme (eziphakeme).

I-Acne fulminans iyindlela engajwayelekile, ebucayi ehambisana nomkhuhlane nempilo yokuhamba okudingayo ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. I-Acne mechanica ivela ngenxa yokuthintana, ukushisa, nokucindezela—okujwayelekile kubadlalayo abaphethe ama-helmets noma imishini. I-acne ye-hormonal ivame ukuvela eduze komlomo kanye ne-chin, ivuleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

I-acne ye-fungal (empeleni ayiyona i-acne kodwa i-pityrosporum folliculitis) ibonakala njengezicubu ezincane ezihambisanayo ezingaphenduli ezindleleni zokwelapha i-acne ezijwayelekile. Uma uphatha ama-papules ngemikhiqizo eyenzelwe ama-comedones, noma uthumba i-acne ye-cystic ngemikhiqizo ethengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawunta, uyachitha isikhathi nemali ngenkathi ingozi yakho yokuhlala nezilonda ikhula nsuku zonke. Isikhumba sakho sikhuluma indaba. Vumela i-AI iyifunde.

Wonke umuntu ufuna ukusola i-acne ngesizathu esisodwa—ushokoledi, ukungahlanzi kahle, ukuba nengcindezi—kodwa iqiniso linzima kakhulu futhi liyadumaza. Ama-hormone angumgibeli ophambili kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ama-androgens afana ne-testosterone akhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum futhi akhuthaze izicubu zesikhumba ezihlanganisa amafollicles ezinwele. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-acne ivame ukuqala ngesikhathi sokukhula lapho amazinga ama-hormone ekhuphuka, kungani abesifazane behlangabezana nokuphuma ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, kungani i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) idala i-acne ebucayi, nokuthi kungani abanye abantu abadala bethola i-acne lapho beqala noma beyeka ukuthatha amaphilisi okukhulelwa.

Indima yokudla kwi-acne ibingaphikiswa, kodwa ubufakazi obuphuma bukhombisa ukuthi ukudla okune-glycemic ephezulu nokusetshenziswa kwamamkela kudinga ukwanda kwe-acne. Ukudla okukhuphula ushukela wegazi kukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-insulin, okukhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwe-androgen nokushisa. Ubisi lwe-skim lubonakala lukhona kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwamahormone nezinsimbi ze-whey.

Izakhi zofuzo zifaka uhlelo—uma bobabili abazali bakho bebenayo i-acne, unethuba elikhulu lokuyithola. Ingcindezi ayidaleli i-acne ngqo, kodwa ikhulula i-cortisol ekhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwe-oil nokushisa ngenkathi icindezela umsebenzi wokuvikela. Uhlelo lwakho lokunakekela isikhumba lungase lube yinkinga: ukuhlanza ngokweqile kuhlisa amafutha avikela, kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum; ama-moisturizers anzima kanye nezimonyo zingaba ne-comedogenic (ezivala ama-pores); ukusebenzisa izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ngasikhathi sinye kudala ukucasuka nokuphazamiseka kwe-barrier.

Imithi efana nama-corticosteroids, i-lithium, kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezivimbela ukushaywa ingase ikhulule i-acne. Izici zemvelo ezifana nokuphakama komoya, ukungcola, nokugqoka izingubo ezivala umoya noma imishini zifaka isandla. Iqiniso elidumazayo?

Ungase ube wenza konke 'kakhulu'—ukudla kahle, ugcina uhlelo lokunakekela isikhumba olucophelela, uphatha ingcindezi—futhi usaqhubeka nokuphuma ngoba ama-hormone akho noma izakhi zofuzo azivumelani. Ungaqiniseki ukuthi ingabe ibalulekile? Vumela i-AI yethu ibheke.

Hamba ungene kunoma iyiphi imithi yokwelapha uzobhekana nodonga olukhulu lwezimpahla ze-acne ezithembisa kakhulu. Ezinye zisebenza; eziningi azisebenzi. 5-2%), i-beta-hydroxy acid ekhuthaza ukunciphisa nokuvula ama-pores; ama-alpha-hydroxy acids afana ne-glycolic acid akhuthaza ukuhamba kwezicubu; imikhiqizo ye-sulfur eyomisa izilonda futhi yehlisa amagciwane; kanye ne-retinol (engaphansi kune-retinoids ezibhaliwe) ethuthukisa ukuhamba kwezicubu.

Ukuze u-acne ye-comedonal ethambile, lezi zingase zisebenze kahle uma zisetshenziswa njalo phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-8-12. Kodwa nansi indawo ebalulekile yokwenza isinqumo: uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo ethengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawunta njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ngaphandle kokuthola ukuthuthuka okukhulu, noma uma unokuthile okungaphezu kwe-acne ethambile, uyachitha isikhathi esibalulekile futhi ubeka ingozi yokuhlala nezilonda ngokungavakashi ku-dermatologist. Imithi ebhaliwe iyakhula kakhulu: i-tretinoin, i-adapalene, kanye ne-tazarotene (ama-retinoids) kukhuphula kakhulu ukuhamba kwezicubu futhi kuvimbele ukuhlinzekwa kwe-comedone; ama-antibiotics aphezulu afana ne-clindamycin yehlisa amagciwane; imikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa efana ne-Epiduo (adapalene + benzoyl peroxide) ibhujisa izindlela eziningi ze-acne ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuze u-acne eshisayo ethambile, ama-antibiotics aphilayo (i-doxycycline, i-minocycline) yehlisa amagciwane nokushisa kodwa kufanele kube nesikhathi esinqunyiwe ngenxa yokukhathazeka kokumelana namagciwane. Ukuphathwa kwe-hormonal kwabesifazane—ama-contraceptives ahlanganisiwe kanye ne-spironolactone—kubhekana nezimbangela eziyisisekelo ze-hormonal futhi kungashintsha impilo ye-acne ye-hormonal. I-Isotretinoin (i-Accutane) iyona kuphela imithi engakwazi ukwelapha i-acne ebucayi ngokunciphisa kakhulu ama-glands e-sebaceous, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu ezingase zibe khona.

Njengoba uvumela i-acne ebucayi ukuba iqhubeke, kukhula kakhulu ukushisa okonakalisa isakhiwo sesikhumba sakho, kudala izilonda ezizokuhlupha isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthi i-acne iphelile. Njalo ngenyanga oyilinda ukwelashwa okufanele yinyanga yokuhlupheka okungadingekile nokukhuphuka kwengozi yokuhlala nezilonda. Bheka isikhumba sakho manje nge-scan ye-AI mahhala ukuze uqonde ubukhulu be-acne yakho.

Nansi iqiniso elinzima abangakakhulumi ngalo ngokwanele: izilonda ze-acne zihlala phakade. Nakuba ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa ukubukeka kwazo, akukwazi ukubuyisela isikhumba sakho esimweni saso sokuqala. Izilonda ezihlabayo—i-ice pick, i-boxcar, kanye nezilonda ezigoqayo—zidala izikhala ezihlala phakade esikhumbeni lapho i-acne eshisayo idalile i-collagen ne-fat.

Izilonda ze-ice pick zihlala zihlaba, zihlaba ezijulile ezibukeka sengathi isikhumba sikhishwe ngensimbi enobukhali. Izilonda ze-boxcar zihlala zikhululekile ngezikhala ezichaziwe. Izilonda ezigoqayo zidalela ama-wave-like undulations phezu kwesikhumba.

Izilonda eziphakeme nezi-keloid zikhuphuka, zihlala zikhululekile ezidalwa lapho isikhumba sikhulisa i-collagen kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphola—lezi zivame kakhulu emaphakathini, emuva, nasezikhumbeni. I-post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) idala izindawo ezimnyama ezingahlala ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni, ikakhulukazi ezikhumbeni ezimnyama. I-post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) ishiyela izimpawu ezibomvu noma eziphuzi ezihamba kancane.

Nakuba i-PIH ne-PIE ekugcineni kuthuthuka, izilonda eziyiqiniso ezihlabayo zihlala phakade ngaphandle kokuthi utshale imali ezindleleni ezibizayo, ezingathokozisi ezifana ne-laser resurfacing, i-microneedling, i-subcision, noma i-punch excision—none yalezi zikhokhelwa ngokuphelele yi-insurance futhi zonke zinezingcuphe zazo nezikhala. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izilonda ze-acne ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, okusheshayo kwe-acne eshisayo ngaphambi kokuba kube nethuba lokuphula isakhiwo sesikhumba sakho. Njalo i-papule eshisayo, i-pustule, i-nodule, noma i-cyst iyithuba lokuhlala nezilonda.

Ukukhipha, ukuphuma, noma ukuhlanza izilonda kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yokuhlala nezilonda. Umehluko phakathi kwesikhumba esithambile nezilonda ezihlala phakade uvame ukuhamba phambili kokuthi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi se-acne esisebenzayo noma ulinde, ulindele ukuthi kuzolungiswa ngokwazo. Akuzokwenzi. Thatha imizuzwana engu-30 ukuze u-scan—kungasindisa isikhumba sakho.

Uphumelele ebusheni. Ungumuntu omdala onesikhumba sokunakekela nezindlela eziphilayo. Ngakho kungani usaqhubeka nokuthola ama-pimples—noma kubi, uthola i-acne okokuqala eminyakeni yakho engu-30 noma 40?

I-acne yabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, iyanda futhi iyadumaza. Ukushintsha kwamahormone kusengumgibeli ophambili: i-perimenopause, ukuqala noma ukuyeka ukuthatha amaphilisi okukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa, kanye ne-PCOS konke kukhuthaza ukuphuma. I-acne yabesifazane abadala ivame ukuvela njengezilonda ezijulile, ezibuhlungu eduze komlomo, i-chin, kanye ne-neck ezivuleka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa—le ndlela ibonisa imvelaphi ye-hormonal futhi ivame ukuhamba kahle kuphela ngezindlela zokwelapha eziphezulu.

Ingcindezi eqhubekayo ikhuphula i-cortisol, ekhuphula ukushisa nokukhiqizwa kwe-oil ngenkathi icindezela umsebenzi wokuvikela. ' Izici zokudla zingase zibe nendima enkulu kwi-acne yabantu abadala kunaku-acne yentsha, ikakhulukazi ubisi nezidlo ezine-glycemic ephezulu. Imithi efana nezinye izidakamizwa zokukhathazeka, ama-hormone, kanye nama-corticosteroids kukhuthaza ukuphuma.

' unciphisa ukuzethemba nokuphila kahle. Isikhumba sabantu abadala siphinde sibe ne-post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, okusho ukuthi lezi zimpawu ezimnyama zihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-acne, izimpawu zokuqala zokuguga, kanye ne-hyperpigmentation kudala inselelo yokunakekela isikhumba eyingqayizivele.

Izindlela zokwelapha zihluka kwi-acne yabantu abadala: ama-retinoids abhekana ne-acne kanye nokuguga; ukuphathwa kwe-hormonal kuba kubalulekile; imikhiqizo ethambile, evikela i-barrier ithatha indawo yokuhlanza i-acne yentsha. Ungahlupheki ngokuqhubekayo ucabanga ukuthi uzoba nalokhu phakade. Uthanda lokho okukhona? Thola ukuhlaziywa kwe-AI okusheshayo.

I-inthanethi igcwele izinhlelo zokunakekela isikhumba ze-Korean ezinyathelwe ezinyathelweni eziyi-10 nezixazululo ezimangalisayo, kodwa ukuphathwa kwe-acne okusebenzayo kudinga indlela ehlakaniphile, eqhubekayo ehlelekile kumkhuba wakho wesikhumba. Nansi okusebenza kahle: Uhlelo lwasekuseni kufanele luhlanganise i-cleanser ethambile (hhayi i-sulfate-based face wash ebhujisayo isikhumba sakho), umkhiqizo wokwelapha oqukethe i-benzoyl peroxide noma i-salicylic acid, i-moisturizer elula engakwenzi i-comedogenic (yebo, noma ungaphakeme—isikhumba esomile sikhulisa i-oil), kanye ne-SPF 30+ sunscreen (kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa imithi ye-acne ekhuphula ukuzwa kwelanga). Uhlelo lwasebusuku luhlanganisa i-cleanser ethambile efanayo, umkhiqizo we-retinoid (i-adapalene ethengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawunta noma i-tretinoin ebhaliwe), kanye ne-moisturizer.

Qala ama-retinoids kancane—kabili ngesonto ekuqaleni—ukwakha ukumelana. Iziphakamiso ezibulalayo abantu abazenza: ukuhlanza ngokweqile (ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngosuku kuhlisa amafutha avikela futhi kubhujise i-barrier yesikhumba, kukhuthaza ukuphuma okuningi); ukuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ngasikhathi sinye (i-benzoyl peroxide, i-salicylic acid, ama-retinoids, kanye ne-AHAs ngesikhathi esisodwa kudala ukucasuka ngaphandle kokuthola imiphumela engcono); ukushiya i-moisturizer (isikhumba esomile sihamba phambili, futhi ukushisa kukhuphula i-acne); ukukhipha, ukuphuma, noma ukuhlanza (kufaka amagciwane, kudala izilonda, futhi kusabalalisa ukutheleleka); njalo ushintsha imikhiqizo (izindlela zokwelapha i-acne zidinga izinyanga eziyi-8-12 ukuze zikhombise imiphumela; ukushintsha njalo ngeviki kuqinisekisa ukuphumelela); ukusebenzisa ama-pore strips nezihlanzi ezinzima (lezi zibulala isikhumba futhi zikhombisa kuphela ukuthuthukiswa okungokoqobo, okwesikhashana); ukufaka izixazululo ezithile esikhumbeni esomile (izinto ezisebenzayo zifinyelela kangcono futhi zidalela ukucasuka okuncane uma zifakwa esikhumbeni esimanzi). I-myths yezithako okufanele uyigweme: i-oil-free ayisho ukuthi ayinayo i-comedogenic; imvelo ayisho ukuthi ingcono (i-poison ivy imvelo); ibhizinisi elibizayo alisho ukuthi lisebenza kahle.

Ukuqhubeka kubaluleke kakhulu kunezinkimbinkimbi. Uhlelo olulula olugcinwe ngokuzethemba luphumelela kunohlelo olujulile olusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhumba sakho sikhuluma indaba. Vumela i-AI iyifunde.

I-Acne iyadumaza ingxenye ngenxa yokuthi iyahluka—yini leyo bump? Ingabe iyathuthuka noma iyabuhlungu? Ingabe kufanele uhambe ku-dermatologist noma unikeze uhlelo lwakho lwamanje isikhathi esithe xaxa?

I-Skinscanner inikeza ukuhlaziywa okungokwenyama okudingayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezicacile mayelana nesikhumba sakho. I-AI yethu ifundiswe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilonda ze-acne—ama-comedones, ama-papules, ama-pustules, ama-nodules, kanye nama-cysts—nokuhlola ubukhulu obuphelele. Thumela isithombe sezindawo ezithintekayo usebenzisa i-smartphone yakho, bese i-AI yethu ihlaziya izithombe ngemizuzwana, inikeza ukuhlaziywa kwehlobo le-acne yakho kanye nezinga lobukhulu.

Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu ekuqapheleni intuthuko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: thumela izithombe zamasonto onke futhi i-AI ingakwazi ukukala kahle ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lokwelapha lusebenza noma uma kudingeka uthuthukise ukunakekelwa. Kulabo abakhathazekile ukuthi i-acne yabo idinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha, i-Skinscanner inikeza iziqondiso zokuthi nini ukuhlinzekwa kwe-dermatologist kuyadingeka uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthi nini ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kuhlelekile. Le app iphinde isize ukuhlukanisa i-acne nezimo ezifanayo ezifana ne-rosacea, i-perioral dermatitis, i-folliculitis, kanye nezifo ze-fungal ezingaphenduli ezindleleni zokwelapha i-acne ezijwayelekile futhi zidinga izindlela ezahlukene.

Kulabo abahlangabezana nezimpawu ezivela emva kokushiswa, i-AI ingakwazi ukulandelela izinguquko ze-pigmentation ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikusize uhlaziye ukuthi lezi zindawo ezimnyama ziyaqhubeka noma uma kudingeka ukungenelela okwengeziwe. I-Skinscanner ayithathi indawo yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha—i-acne ebucayi, ikakhulukazi i-nodular ne-cystic acne, idinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kuvinjelwe izilonda—kodwa ikunika amandla ngolwazi nokubhaliswa okusize ukhulume kahle nabahlinzeki futhi wenze izinqumo ezisheshayo mayelana nokuthi nini ukufuna usizo. I-Acne ithatha okuningi kuwe—ukuzethemba, induduzo, isikhathi, imali.

Ungavumeli ukungaqiniseki nokudideka kuthathe okungaphezulu. Bheka isikhumba sakho manje nge-scan ye-AI mahhala futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuqala sokuba nesikhumba esicacile nokuthula kwengqondo.