Umthetho we-ABCDE Wokuhlola Isikhumba (Umhlahlandlela Wokuqala)

Umthetho we-ABCDE uwuhlu lwezikhumbuzo olwakhiwe ukusiza bobabili ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nomphakathi jikelele ukuhlola izilonda zesikhumba ezinemibala ngezici ezingase zikhombise i-melanoma. Wethulwa okokuqala ngama-1980 ngodokotela bezokwelapha eNyakatho Yurophu, usuphenduke indlela efundiswa kakhulu yokuzihlola kwesikhumba emhlabeni jikelele. Iphimbo ngalinye limelela isici sokubona esihlobene ne-melanoma: Ukungafani, Ukungahleleki kwemingcele, Ukuhluka kombala, Ububanzi obungaphezu kwemilimitha eziyisithupha, kanye Nokuthuthukiswa noma ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uhlaka lwakhelwe ukuba lufinyeleleke kubantu abangena emkhakheni wezokwelapha, luguqula izimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi zoclinical zibe yizigaba ezilula zokubona ezingasetshenziswa noma ubani ngesikhathi sokuzihlola. Umthetho we-ABCDE awuwusizo lokuxilonga. Uyi-akhawunti yokuhlola esiza ukukhetha ukuthi yiziphi ama-mole ezidinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe nokuthi yiziphi ezivame ukuba zihlale zikhona.

Ama-mole amaningi angama-benign angase akhombise esinye salezi zici, futhi hhayi wonke ama-melanoma akhombisa zonke ezinhlanu. Uhlaka lwe-ABCDE luthathwa kahle njengensiza yokuxoxa noDokotela wezokwelapha kunokuthi kube uhlu oluqinile lokuxilonga.!! Umthetho usebenza ngokukhipha ukunakwa kwakho ezicini ezivame ukuvela kakhulu kuma-melanoma kunama-mole ama-benign.

Lapho i-mole ikhombe izici eziningi ze-ABCDE ngesikhathi esisodwa, izinga lokukhathazeka lenyuka. Nokho, umgomo obaluleke kakhulu wezokwelapha ukuthi noma iyiphi ilonda ekukhathazayo, noma ngabe ayihambisani kahle nalezi zici, idinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Ukuqonda isici ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise uhlaka ngokuqiniseka okukhulu nangokunembile ngesikhathi sokuhlola kwakho ngenyanga. Izigaba ezilandelayo zihlukanisa iphimbo ngalinye ngezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi ungayihumusha kanjani lokho okubona.

Ukungafani kuhlolwa ngokucabanga umugqa odwetshwe phakathi kwendawo ye-mole. I-mole efanayo izoba nezingxenye ezimbili ezilungele ukujolisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udweba umugqa ngokuqondile, ngokuqondile, noma ngokuqondile. I-mole engafani izoba nezingxenye ezimbili ezihlukile ngokubukeka, ukusabalala kombala, noma ukuphakama.

Ukuze uhlolisise ukungafani ekhaya, bheka i-mole ngqo phezulu bese uhlukanisa engxenyeni yayo ende. Bese uguqula umugqa wakho owucabangayo ube ngamadigri angama-90 bese uhlukanisa futhi. Uma i-mole ibonakala ibalanced ngokulinganayo kuwo womabili ama-axis, ibhalwa kahle ngokwe-symmetry.

Uma ingxenye eyodwa ibonakala iphakeme, ibonisa imibala ehlukile, noma ihlezi phezulu kunezinye ingxenye kuwo womabili ama-axis, qaphela lokhu njengendawo yokungafani. Ama-mole amaningi ama-benign ajwayele ukuba ne-symmetrical, nakuba ukungafani okuphelele akudingeki ukuze i-mole ibe yinhle. Ukuhluka okuncane kuvame ukwenzeka futhi kulindeleke.

Ukukhathazeka kuvela uma ukungafani kubonakala kakhulu futhi kucacile, noma uma i-mole eyayihlelekile ngaphambili ithola ukungafani okucacile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukungahleleki kwemingcele kubhekisela kumgangatho wephuzu lapho i-mole ihlangana nesikhumba esijwayelekile esizungezile. Ama-mole ama-benign avamise ukuba nemingcele eqondile, echazwe kahle edala umugqa ohlanzekile phakathi kwesikhumba esinemibala kanye nesikhumba esijwayelekile.

Ungalandela umumo ngamehlo akho futhi ulandele umjikelezo ojwayelekile, ophindaphindayo. Imingcele ekhathazayo ibonakala ibhalwe ngemigqa eminingi, ibonakaliswa ngezikhala ezijulile, noma ibhujiswa lapho umbala ubonakala uthuthuka kancane kancane esikhumbeni esijwayelekile ngaphandle komngcele ohlukanisayo. Ezinye i-melanomas zikhombisa ama-pseudopods, okungukuthi, izikhala ezinjengezitho ezivela ngaphandle komzimba omkhulu we-lesion. Uma umngcele we-mole ubukeka ungahleleki futhi ulandela ngophondo noma ngamehlo, uthola ama-bumps angalindelekile nezikhala esikhundleni somjikelezo oqondile, lokhu kufanelekile ukuba kubhalwe phansi futhi kuhlolwe.

Ukufana kombala ngaphakathi kwe-mole kuyisici esilula kakhulu sokuhlola. Bheka i-mole futhi uzibuze ukuthi ingabe iyombala owodwa kuphela noma ingabe iqukethe imibala ehlukene noma ama-shades ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yayo. Ama-mole ajwayelekile ngokuvamile ayisithombe esisodwa sobrown, esivela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama kuye ngokuthi umuntu ungubani.

Igama eliyinhloko ngu-uniform. I-mole ebanzi emnyama kakhulu ayikhathazi kangako kune-mole equkethe iziqeshana ezikhanyayo, ezimnyama, nezimnyama ngaphakathi kwalesi sifo esifanayo. Ukuba khona kwezindawo ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, noma ezimnyama ezindaweni ezipigmented kubalulekile kakhulu ngoba lezi zimbala zikhombisa izinqubo ezahlukene zethishu ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-mole futhi azivamile ezindaweni ezingenasici.!!

Uma uhlola umbala, hlola i-mole ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezifanayo. I-mole ebhekwa ngaphansi kokukhanya okushisayo kwe-incandescent bese kuthi ngaphansi kokukhanya okupholile kwe-fluorescent ingase ibonakale inombala ehlukile ngenxa yomthombo wokukhanya. Qhubeka uqhathanise izithombe ezithathwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo futhi uhlola umbala ngqo ngaphansi kokukhanya okujwayelekile kokuhlola.

I-diameter iyisici esilula kakhulu kodwa futhi esiqondile kakhulu. Umkhawulo wesiko wezi-millimeters eziyisithupha, cishe i-diameter ye-eraser ye-pencil ejwayelekile, wawufakwa ekuqaleni ngoba ama-melanomas ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ayebanzi kunezinguquko. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi ama-melanomas awakwazi ukuba mancane kunezi-millimeters eziyisithupha.

Ama-melanomas amancane ayatholakala, futhi ukungabheki isifo esikhathazayo kuphela ngoba sikhulu esiyisithupha kunesikhombisa kungaba iphutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-mole amaningi alungile kakhulu adlula izinguquko eziyisithupha, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala ababe nawo kusukela ebuncaneni. Sebenzisa i-diameter njengedatha eyodwa phakathi kweziningi kunokuba ibe isici esizimele. I-mole enkulu engekho ezinye izici ezikhathazayo ayikhathazi kangako kune-mole encane ebonisa ukungafani, ukungafani kwemikhawulo, nokuhluka kombala ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Abanye odokotela bezokwelapha bebhakabhaka bacabanga ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuyincwadi ebaluleke kakhulu ku-ABCDE framework. Ukuthuthukiswa kubhekisela kunoma yisiphi isinguquko ku-mole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufaka phakathi izinguquko osayizi, ifomu, umbala, ukuphakama, ubukhulu besurface, noma izimpawu. I-mole ethuthukayo iyimole edinga ukunakwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibukeka kanjani okwamanje.

Ukuthuthukiswa kungavela ngezindlela eziningi. I-mole ingakhula ibe nkulu, ithole umbala omusha ngaphakathi kwayo, iguquke ivela eflethini iye phezulu, iguquke ivela kumjikelezo iye ku-oval, ithole ubumpumputhe noma ukwehla, iqale ukuhlekisa noma ibe nezinhlungu, igcwalise ngaphandle kokulimala okubonakalayo, noma ithole i-crust ethola futhi ibuyisela. Noma yiziphi zalezi zinguquko, ezibhalwe ngezithombe zakho zenyanga nezibuyekezo, zimelela ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kuhlolwe ngochwepheshe.

Isikhathi sokushintsha sibalulekile. Ama-mole angashintsha kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi njengengxenye ejwayelekile yokuguga kwesikhumba. Lezi zinguquko ezisheshayo, ezizinzile zihluke kakhulu ku-mole ethuthukayo ngokucacile phakathi kwezinsuku kuya ezinyangeni.

Ukushintsha okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu klinikhi kunokushintsha okukhulu, nakuba noma yisiphi isithombe esicacile sokuthuthukiswa kufanele sibhale futhi sikhulume nodokotela bezokwelapha. I-ugly duckling sign iyisibonelo esihambisanayo esiphuma ngaphandle kwe-ABCDE framework. Isekela ekubhekeni ukuthi iningi lama-mole omuntu avame ukwabelana ngombono ojwayelekile, ubuhlobo bomndeni mayelana nomfanekiso wombala nokwakheka okujwayelekile.

I-ugly duckling iyimole ebukeka ngokwehlukana kakhulu kunazo zonke ezinye emzimbeni wakho. Le mole engafani ingase ingaphuli izimfuneko ezithile ze-ABCDE, kodwa ibonakala njengalesi esingafani. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-ugly duckling sign ingakwazi ukukhomba ama-melanomas angakhombisi izici ezijwayelekile ze-ABCDE, okwenza kube umqondo obalulekile wokuhlola.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, thatha isinyathelo emuva futhi uqhathanise ama-mole phakathi kwabo, hhayi ukuhlola ngakunye kuphela. I-mole ebonakala ngokwehlukana kakhulu kunabanye bayo idinga ukunakwa okukhulu.

I-ABCDE framework inezithiyo ezibalulekile okufanele ziqondwe ngababukeli bonke. Akukho ama-melanomas wonke akhombisa izici ezijwayelekile ze-ABCDE. I-nodular melanoma, uhlobo lwesibili oluvamile lwe-melanoma, ivame ukubonakala njenge-symmetric, ibhodi elihlangene, elinombala ofanayo, elinokuphakama okungase kube ngaphansi kwezi-millimeters eziyisithupha.

Ingaba nombala wesikhumba, ophuzi, noma obomvu kunokuba kube brown noma black, okwenza kube nzima ukudlula yonke incwadi ye-ABCDE ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa. Ama-melanomas amelanotic awanombala omkhulu futhi angavela njengemibala ephuzi, ebomvu, noma ye-skin. Ngoba umthetho we-ABCDE wathuthukiswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezipigmented, ama-variant amelanotic angaphuthelwa ngokuphelele kule framework.

Lokhu kungumfanelo wokuthi odokotela bezokwelapha abaningi baphakamisa ukwengeza izimfuneko ezengeziwe, njenge-F yokubukeka okuthakazelisayo noma okuqinile kokuthinta, ukuze kubonakale izifo eziphuma ngaphandle kwemigomo ye-ABCDE ejwayelekile. Kubantu abanama-mole amaningi angajwayelekile, abaziwa njenge-dysplastic nevi, umthetho we-ABCDE uba nekhono elincane ngoba ama-mole amaningi alungile angase akhombise izici ze-ABCDE. Kulaba bantu, ukuthuthukiswa kanye ne-ugly duckling sign kuba kubaluleke kakhulu kunezici ezizimele zokungafani, umkhawulo, umbala, kanye ne-diameter.

Ukuze usebenzise i-ABCDE framework kahle emsebenzini, sebenzisa njengengxenye yecebo elibanzi lokubheka. Qhubeka ne-self-exam yakho yenyanga ngendlela ehlelekile, uhlola i-mole ngayinye usebenzisa izimfuneko ze-ABCDE, uthathe izithombe futhi ubhale izithombe zakho, bheka ama-ugly duckling outliers, futhi ulandele izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma i-mole ikhipha iflegi ngalezi zindlela, yethule ku-professional attention ngedokhumenti yakho.

Qonda when to see a dermatologist kunokuba ulinde. Khumbula ukuthi ama-false negatives ayingozi kakhulu kunezinto ezingalungile. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kube ngcono ukuba nodokotela bezokwelapha abheke i-mole ethola ukuthi iyasiza kunokuyishiya isifo esikhathazayo ngoba ayihambisani nezimfuneko ze-ABCDE. Sebenzisa le framework njengomhlahlandlela ukuze uthuthukise ukuqwashisa kwakho, hhayi njengomnyango ophazamisa ukufuna ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe.