Ukuqonda i-HSV-1 ne-HSV-2: Iivayirasi eziBini, Usapho Olunye
I-herpes simplex virus iza ngeentlobo ezimbini: i-HSV-1 ne-HSV-2, bobabini bangamalungu osapho lwe-herpesvirus olufaka ne-varicella-zoster (i-chickenpox/shingles), i-Epstein-Barr virus, kunye ne-cytomegalovirus. I-HSV-1 ikhangela ngokwenene i-herpes yomlomo (iimpumlo ezibandayo) kwaye i-HSV-2 ikhangela i-herpes yeendawo ezithile, kodwa le mihluko iye yaba mnyama. I-HSV-1 ngoku iyona nto ibangela iintshukumo ezintsha ze-herpes yeendawo ezithile kwiindawo ezininzi eziphuhliswe, idluliselwa ngokuqhagamshelana komlomo neendawo ezithile.
7 zabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 emhlabeni jikelele z carrying HSV-1 (malunga ne-67% yabantu emhlabeni), ngelixa izigidi eziyi-491 zabantu abaneminyaka engama-15-49 z carrying HSV-2 (13% yabantu emhlabeni). Le mibhalo ibonisa inyaniso eyisiseko: i-herpes ingomnye wezifo ezivamile emlandweni wabantu, hayi isifo esingaqhelekanga okanye esingaqhelekanga. Bobabini i-HSV-1 kunye ne-HSV-2 ziqinisekisa ukutheleleka okungapheliyo kwi-ganglia yeenxalenye zomzimba — i-HSV-1 ikakhulu ibhiyozela kwi-ganglia ye-trigeminal (esebenza ubuso), ngelixa i-HSV-2 ikhetha i-ganglia ye-sacral (esebenza kwiindawo ezithile).
Emva kokutheleleka kokuqala, i-virus ihamba ngamalungelo e-neva ukuya kwi-ganglia apho ingena kwi-state yokuphumla. Ngexesha elithile, i-virus ibuyela, ihamba phantsi kwamalungelo e-neva ukuya phezulu kwesikhumba, kwaye ibangela ukuphuma okuphindaphindiweyo — okanye, rhoqo, ibhiyozela ngaphandle kokubonakala kweempawu. Le miphumo engabonakaliyo ibangela uninzi lokudluliswa kwe-herpes, okuthetha ukuba abantu banokudlulisa i-virus nangona bebukeka bephila ngokupheleleyo kwaye bengekho i-lesions ezisebenzayo.
Iimpawu: Ukusuka kwiPhuma kuQala ukuya kwiPhuma okuPhindaphindiweyo
Uphuma kokuqala (oluyintloko) lwe-herpes luhlala lukhulu kakhulu, luvela kwiintsuku ezi-2-12 emva kokuchaphazeleka. Iimpawu zingabandakanya iimpumlo ezininzi ezibuhlungu okanye iimpumlo ezibuhlungu kwindawo yokutheleleka, ubuhlungu obukhulu kunye nokuthintela, iimpawu ezifanayo neflu (ukufudumala, ubuhlungu bomzimba, iindawo ezikhulayo ze-lymph), kunye nobunzima kwiimisebenzi zansuku zonke (ukutya ukuba kuyi-oral, ukuhlala okanye ukuhamba ukuba kuyi-genital). Nangona kunjalo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yokutheleleka kokuqala akubonakali okanye kukhulu kangangokuba akuqondwa — abantu abaninzi baphatha i-HSV iminyaka okanye iidekadi bengayazi.
Xa iimpawu zenzeka, i-herpes yomlomo ibonakala njengezixokelelwano zeempumlo ezincinci, ezine-fluid, ezikwi-ntloko okanye ziseduze neempumlo, ngamanye amaxesha zifikelela kwi-nose okanye kwi-chin. Iimpumlo ziqhekeka, zenze iimpumlo ezibuhlungu ezincinci, emva koko ziqinisa kwaye ziphile ngaphandle kokubola kwiintsuku ezi-7-14. Abaninzi babaguli bachaza umphunga, ukushisa, okanye umphunga (prodrome) kwiiyure ezi-12-48 ngaphambi kokuba iimpumlo zivele.
I-herpes yeendawo ezithile ibonakala ngokufana: izixokelelwano zeempumlo ezibuhlungu okanye iimpumlo kwiindawo ezithile, kwi-perineum, kwi-buttocks, okanye kwi-thighs eziphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha kunye neempawu zokuchama (ukuchama okubuhlungu, ukuhamba kwe-urethral) okanye ubunzima bokuhlala. Ukuphuma okuphindaphindiweyo ngokubanzi kube mfutshane kwaye kungabuhlungu njengoko uphumelelwe kokuqala, luhlala kwiintsuku ezi-3-7. I-herpes ye-HSV-2 yeendawo ezithile iphinda ibonakale rhoqo (average 4-6 ukuphuma kokuqala kwi-nyanga yokuqala) kunokuphuma kwe-HSV-1 yeendawo ezithile (average 1 ukuphuma kwi-nyanga yokuqala, kancinci emva koko).
Ngexesha, ukuhamba rhoqo ngokubanzi kuncipha kwiintlobo zombini. Abaninzi babaguli baphuhlisa umphunga ophawulekayo we-prodrome obavumela ukuba balindele ukuphuma kwaye baqale ukwelashwa kwangoko.
Izikhumbuzo: Yintoni Ekhuthazayo Ukuqhamuka
Ngelixa i-virus ichaza ukuba ngaba uthathe i-herpes, izinto ezininzi zineempembelelo kumaxesha kunye nokuphindaphinda kwayo. Uxinzelelo lomzimba luyinto ephawulekayo: ukugula, umkhuhlane, iinkqubo zokuhlinzwa, kunye nokulimala komzimba (kubandakanya umsebenzi wezonyango kwi-herpes ye-oral) kungakhuthaza ukuvela. Ukuchaphazeleka kwelanga, ngakumbi i-UV radiation emlonyeni, kuyinto eyaziwayo eyakhuthaza i-herpes ye-oral — le yinto eyenza ukuba iimpawu zonyango zivele emva kweeholide ze-beach okanye iindawo zokunyuka.
Uxinzelelo lweemotions kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo phakathi kwezinto ezixhaphakileyo ezibikwayo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kokhuseleko lwe-cortisol. Ukuphazamiseka kweehormone kukhuthaza ukuvela kwiingcibi ezininzi, kunye nokuphindaphinda okujolise kakhulu ngexesha lokuhamba. Ukukhathala, ukungaphumli ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokhuseleko ngokubanzi ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isizathu kukhuphula umngcipheko wokuphinda kuqhamuke.
Uxinzelelo lwesikhumba okanye ukungonwabi kwindawo yokutheleleka kungakhuthaza ukuphindaphinda — ukuxhaphaza, ukuxhaphaza, kunye nemisebenzi yobulili kungakhuthaza ukuvela kweengcibi. Kwi-herpes ye-oral, ukulimala emlonyeni, imilomo eqhelekileyo ngenxa yeemozulu ezibandayo, kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlobisa emlonyeni kungakhuthaza ukuvela. Iimveliso zokunciphisa ukungasebenzi kunye nezimo zonyango zikhuphula kakhulu bobabini ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bokuphindaphinda.
Abanye abaguli bahlola izinto ezikhuthazayo zokutya, nangona ubungqina bezidlo ezithile buphawulwe kakhulu. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwee-amino acids lysine kunye ne-arginine buxoxiswene — ubungqina obuthile buveza ukuba ukutya okuphakamileyo kwi-lysine kunye nokuphantsi kwi-arginine kunganciphisa ubungakanani bokuphindaphinda, kodwa iziphumo azihambelani. Ukuqonda izinto zakho ezikhuthazayo ngokujolisa ngokucophelela kukuvumela ukuba ulindele iindawo ezibuthathaka kwaye uthathe imithi yokukhusela ye-antiviral okanye usebenzise iindlela zokuthintela. Idiary yokukhuthaza — ukubhalisela iintsuku zokuphindaphinda kunye nezinto ezikhuthazayo ezifana noxinzelelo, ukugula, ukuchaphazeleka kwelanga, umjikelo wesondo, kunye nomgangatho wokuphumla — iyanceda ukuveza umjoliso wakho oyingqayizivele ngexesha elide.
Uphando lwe-Antiviral: Ukunciphisa kunye neTherapy ye-Episodic
Iimveliso ezintathu ze-antiviral zivunyelwe ukunyanga i-herpes simplex: acyclovir, valacyclovir (Valtrex), kunye ne-famciclovir (Famvir). Zonke zisebenza ngokuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA ye-virus, zinciphisa ubunzima kunye nexesha lokuphindaphinda kwaye zinciphisa ukungena kwe-virus. Le mithi iphephile, iyamkeleka, kwaye ifumaneka kwiifom ezijolise kumphakathi ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Zingasetyenziswa ngezindlela ezimbini: i-episodic therapy (ithathwa ekuqaleni kokuphindaphinda ukuze inciphise ixesha layo) okanye i-suppressive therapy (ithathwa yonke imihla ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvela kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa). I-episodic therapy iyasebenza kakhulu xa iqala kwi-sign yokuqala yokuphindaphinda — ngokukuko ngexesha le-prodromal tingling okanye ukutshisa ngaphambi kokuba i-blisters zivele. I-valacyclovir 2g ithathwa kabini ngosuku (iiyure eziyi-12 zihlukaniswe) ingayeka okanye inciphise kakhulu umjikelo we-herpes ye-oral.
Kwi-herpes ye-genital, umjikelo ojolise kwi-episodic uyi-valacyclovir 500mg kabini ngosuku kwiintsuku ezi-3-5. Ukuqala ukunyanga nangona i-blisters zivele kusenokunciphisa ixesha ngo-1-2 iintsuku. I-suppressive therapy ibandakanya imithi ye-antiviral yonke imihla, ngokubanzi i-valacyclovir 500mg-1g yonke imihla kwi-herpes ye-genital.
Ukunciphisa kunciphisa ubungakanani bokuphindaphinda ngama-70-80%, kunciphisa ukungena kwe-virus engabonakali ngama-50%, kwaye kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kubalingani abangatyholwanga ngama-50% xa kudityaniswa nezinye iindlela zokhuseleko.!! I-suppressive therapy iyalulekwa kubaguli abaneziphumo ezixhaphakileyo (6 okanye ngaphezulu ngonyaka), kubabo baphila uxinzelelo olukhulu lweengqondo ngenxa yokuphindaphinda, kunye kubabo kwiimeko eziphikisanayo (omnye umphosa uphumelele, omnye ungaphumeleli) ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuhanjiswa. I-suppressive therapy yesikhumbuzo ibikhe yahlolwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 kwaye ayibonisi iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko — ingaqhubeka phakade.
Ukungasebenzi kwe-antiviral kuyinto engathandekiyo kubaguli abaneemeko ezikhuselekileyo. Kubaguli abaneemeko ezikhubazekileyo, iidosi eziphezulu kunye nezifundo ezide zingafuneka, kwaye i-strain eziphikisanayo zingafuna i-antivirals ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-foscarnet.
Uhlanga vs. Iqiniso: Ukuphinda Ujolise kwi-Herpes
Uhlanga olukhoyo malunga ne-herpes luphakanyiswa kakhulu kwi-qiniso lezonyango lemeko. Le miba ibikho kwiimeko ezithile — ibikhe yaveliswa kakhulu ngeminyaka ye-1970s kunye ne-1980s ngokuqhuba kwezindaba kunye nokuthengisa kwemveliso eziphilayo ezazibeka i-herpes njengokuphosa umgca kunokuba ibe yintsholongwane ye-virus eyaziwayo. Ngaphambi kwale nkathi, iimpawu zonyango kunye ne-herpes ye-genital zazibhekwa njengoko zikhona kwezonyango: izinto ezincinci, eziphindaphindayo kwi abantu abaphilayo.
Iqiniso lezonyango lihlala lihluke kakhulu kumxholo: i-herpes simplex ithwalwa ngababini abaninzi bexesha elide; ayibangeli ziphumo zempilo ezide kwiingcibi ezikhuselekileyo; ukuvela ngokubanzi kulula kwaye kuyazikhupha; imithi esebenzayo iyafumaneka kwaye iyafumaneka; kwaye i-virus ayibangeli zinto phakathi kokuphindaphinda. Kubaninzi abathwalayo, i-herpes ayinayo imiphumo kwiimpilo zomzimba kwaye ifuna ukungenelela kwezonyango okuncinci. Uqhathaniso nezinye iintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo uyasixelela: i-HPV (i-human papillomavirus) ithintela umphakathi ophilayo, ibangela i-genital warts kwaye ingabangela umhlaza, nangona ibangela umxholo ophantsi.
I-chickenpox (ebangelwa yi-herpesvirus) ithintela abantu abaninzi ebuntwaneni kunye neempawu ezinzima, nangona ibangela umxholo ophantsi. Uxinzelelo lweemotions olukhokelela kwi-herpes stigma — utyala, ukoyika ukuxhatshazwa, uxinzelelo malunga nokwazisa, ukugwema ubudlelwane — ngokubanzi luphakanyiswa kakhulu kunokungonwabi komzimba kwe-virus uqobo. Abaninzi abantu babika ukuba ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-herpes kubanike umphumo omkhulu, ngelixa iimpawu zomzimba zibe zincinci okanye zingekho.
Abanikezeli bezempilo baqhubeka beqonda ukuba ukuxoxa ngempembelelo yeengqondo yokuxilongwa kwe-herpes kubaluleke njengokulawula iimpawu zomzimba. Ukunceda, ukufundisa, kunye nokudibana nemiphakathi yokuxhasa kungasiza ukuphinda ujolise ukuxilongwa ukusuka kwi-catastrophe ukuya kumsebenzi ophilayo, oluqhelekileyo.
Nini Ukuya Kudokotela Ngokuphathelele i-Herpes
Ngelixa iimpawu ezininzi ze-herpes zingekho nzima kwezonyango, iimeko ezininzi zifuna ukunciphisa ukuxilongwa kwezonyango. Ukuqhamuka kokuqala okungathandekiyo kufuneka kuhlolwe ngumdokotela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa okufanelekileyo (uhlolo lwezempilo kunye/nokuhlola i-virus okanye uvavanyo lwe-PCR), ukuze kuqinisekiswe ezinye iimeko ezingenza ukuba zifane ne-herpes (i-syphilis, i-chancroid, i-aphthous ulcers, i-contact dermatitis), kunye nokwakha uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Ukuvela okukhulu kunye nokuxhaphaza okukhulu, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukugcina umchamo (ukungakwazi ukuchama ngenxa yobuhlungu be-herpes ye-genital), okanye iimpawu ezinjengezinga eliphezulu lokukhuhlana zifuna ukuhlolwa ngokukhawuleza.
I-herpes eduze kwamehlo (i-herpes keratitis) iyingozi kwezonyango engabangela ukulimala kwamehlo kunye nokulahlekelwa kokubona — iimpawu zibandakanya ubuhlungu bamehlo, ubomvu, ukuchama, ukungaboni kakuhle, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle; funa ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologic ngokukhawuleza.!! Ukuvela okwandayo ngaphandle kwendawo eqhelekileyo okanye okuthinta iindawo ezinkulu zomzimba kungabonisa ukungasebenzi kokhuseleko kwaye kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezonyango. I-herpes ngexesha lokukhulelwa ifuna ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe i-herpes ye-neonatal, engabangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantwana abaninzi — abafazi abakhulelweyo abane-herpes kufuneka baxoxe ngokuqhubekayo kwi-trimester yesithathu nomphathiswa wabo.
Ukuba ukuvela kuqhubeka kukhula okanye kube nzima ngexesha (umjikelo ojolise kwi-ukuphindaphinda okunciphayo), oku kungabonisa utshintsho lwezokhuseleko olufuna ukuhlolwa. Abaguli abaneemvakalelo ezinzima, ukuxhalaba, okanye ubunzima bobudlelwane obuhambelana ne-herpes kufuneka bafune ukuncediswa kwezonyango ukuze baphumelele ekulawuleni i-virus kunye nokuxhaswa kweengqondo ngenxa yomthwalo weengqondo.
Indlela i-AI Skin Analysis Ethembisa ngayo Ukuhlola i-Herpes
Iimpawu ze-herpes simplex zihlala zixhaphakile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo — i-impetigo, i-contact dermatitis, i-aphthous ulcers, i-hand-foot-and-mouth disease, kunye nokuphindaphinda kokuqala kwe-shingles zingavela ngendlela efanayo. I-Skinscanner ibonelela ngovavanyo lokuqala olukhawulezayo olunceda uqonde ukuba ngaba i-lesion yakho inezinto ezihambelanayo ne-herpes simplex. Ngokuthatha umfanekiso wendawo ethe cwaka ngexesha le-blister okanye i-ulcer, i-AI yethu iyahlola umjoliso we-lesion, ukusasazwa, kunye neempawu zomzimba ezijolise kwi-herpes ngokuchasene nezinye iimeko.
Le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahamba kwi-episode yokuqala abangenakukwazi ukuba baphosa ntoni, kunye nakubantu abane-episodes eziphindaphindayo abafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-lesion entsha ihambelana nomjoliso wabo we-herpes owaziwayo kunokuba ibe yinto entsha. Ukuze ulandele, ukubhalisela ubungakanani bokuphindaphinda kunye nobunzima ngeefoto kunye neentsuku kukunceda wena nomphathiswa wakho wezempilo ukwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo malunga nendlela yokunyanga — i-episodic ngokuchasene ne-suppressive therapy — ngokusekelwe kwiidatha ezichanekileyo malunga nomjoliso wakho. I-Skinscanner ayinakukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-herpes (oku kudinga ukuhlola i-virus okanye uvavanyo lwe-PCR) kodwa ibonelela ngenyathelo lokuqala elifikelelekayo ekuqondeni iimpawu zakho kunye nokwenza isigqibo sokuba ngaba kunye nokuba njani ngokukhawuleza ukufuna ukuhlolwa kwezonyango.
