Yini AmaMole?
Ama-mole — azwiwe ngokwezokwelapha njenge-melanocytic nevi — aphakathi kwezikhumba ezivamile kakhulu kubantu. Avele njengezikhala ezincane, ezinemibala ezihlukahlukene ezihamba ukusuka kokukhanya kokubrown kuya kweqanda. Abantu abadala abanama-mole angama-10 kuya kwangama-40 abhalwe emzimbeni wabo, futhi ezimweni eziningi, awanankinga.
Ama-mole akhiwa lapho ama-melanocytes, amangqamuzana akhiqiza imibala esikhumbeni sakho, ekhula ngamaqoqo esikhundleni sokusabalala ngokulinganayo. Angavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, kuhlanganise nekhanda, phakathi kwezandla nezinyawo, futhi ngisho nasemanzini. Nakuba ama-mole amaningi akhula ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhula, ama-mole amasha angavela naseminyaka yobudala.
Yini Ebangela AmaMole Ukuvela?
Uk formation kwama-mole kuthonywa kakhulu yizizathu zokuhlukahluka kanye nokukhanya kwelanga. Uma abazali bakho benama-mole amaningi, kungenzeka ukuthi nawe uzoba nawo. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) okuvela elangeni kukhuthaza ama-melanocytes, yingakho ama-mole evame ukuvela ezindaweni ezithintwe ilanga emzimbeni ezifana nobuso, izandla, kanye nomhlane.
Izinguquko ze-hormonal ngesikhathi sokukhula noma sokukhulelwa nazo zingase zikhuthaze ukuvela kwama-mole amasha noma zikhulise ama-mole akhona. Abantu abanezikhumba ezikhanyayo bavame ukuba nama-mole amaningi kunalabo abanezikhumba ezimnyama. Nakuba izindlela ezithile zokuhlukahluka zisesikhathini sokucwaninga, kubonakala ukuthi kokubili izizathu zokuhlukahluka nezemvelo zidlala indima ebalulekile.
Izinhlobo ZamaMole Okufanele Uziqonde
Hhayi wonke ama-mole akhiwa ngokulinganayo. Ama-mole ajwayelekile (aphinde abizwe ngokuthi ama-nevi ajwayelekile) ngokuvamile ayindilinga noma ayivolumu, encane kune-6mm, futhi anombala ofanayo. Anemikhawulo ecacile futhi ibushelelezi.
Ama-mole angajwayelekile (ama-dysplastic nevi) akhulu, ngokuvamile anemibala engafani futhi angase abe nemibala engalingani enezinhlobonhlobo zokubrown, tan, kanye nepinki. Nakuba ama-mole angajwayelekile evame ukuba nezinhlobonhlobo, akhombisa ingozi ethile ye-melanoma futhi kufanele aqashelwe ngokucophelela. Ama-mole okuzalwa akhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi ahluka ngosayizi ukusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu.
Ama-mole amakhulu okuzalwa anengozi enkulu yokukhula abe yi-melanoma empilweni. Ama-mole atholakala emva kokuzalwa, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhula. Ama-Spitz nevi ayindilinga, ngokuvamile ama-mole apinki noma anemibala eminingi avame ukuvela ezinganeni futhi angafana ne-melanoma ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Izimpawu Zokuxwayisa ze-ABCDE
Odokotela bezokwelapha bakhe umthetho we-ABCDE njengesisekelo esilula sokuhlola ama-mole. A imele i-Asymmetry — uma ingxenye eyodwa ye-mole ingahambelani nezinye, lokho kuyisixwayiso. B imele i-Border irregularity — ama-mole ajwayelekile ngokuvamile anemikhawulo ebushelelezi, kanti ama-mole angathandeki angase abe nemikhawulo engalungile noma engacacile.
C imele i-Color variation — i-mole enezinhlobonhlobo zemibala, okubalwa kokubrown, okumnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, noma oluhlaza, idinga ukunakwa. D imele i-Diameter — ama-mole amakhulu kune-6mm (cishe usayizi we-eraser ye-pencil) kufanele ahlolwe, nakuba ama-melanomas angase abe smaller. E imele i-Evolution — noma yiziphi izinguquko ngosayizi, ukwakheka, umbala, noma izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala nokopha ziwumqoka kakhulu. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zinguquko, hlela isikhathi sokuhlangana nodokotela wezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Nini Kufanele Ubonane Nodokotela?
Nakuba ama-mole amaningi enganankinga, ezinye izinguquko zidinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezokwelapha uma i-mole ishintsha ngosayizi, ukwakheka, noma umbala; uma ibuhlungu, ikhathele, noma iqala ukuhamba; uma i-mole entsha ivela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-30; noma uma i-mole ibukeka kakhulu ihluke kwezinye zakho (eyaziwa njenge 'isikhumba esibi'). Abantu abanama-mole angama-50, umlando womndeni we-melanoma, noma umlando wakho siqu wokushisa elangeni kufanele bacabangele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha minyaka yonke. Ukuhlola kusenesikhathi kubalulekile — uma i-melanoma ibanjwe esigabeni sayo sokuqala, izinga lokuphila eminyakeni emihlanu lidlula u-99 percent.
Izinketho Zokwelapha Nokukhipha
Ama-mole amaningi awadingi ukwelashwa. Nokho, uma i-mole ibonakala ingathandeki noma ibuhlungu, udokotela wakho wezokwelapha angase ancome ukukhipha. Ukuhlukaniswa kokuhlinzwa kuhilela ukusika i-mole kanye nomkhawulo omncane wesikhumba esizungezile futhi kuvalwe umonakalo ngama-stitches.
Le ndlela ikhethwa uma i-melanoma ibonakala, njengoba ivumela ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezokwelapha. Ukukhipha nge-shave kusebenzisa umkhono omncane ukusika i-mole phezulu kwesikhumba futhi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa kuma-mole aphakeme, ajwayelekile. Ukukhipha nge-laser kungasetshenziswa kuma-mole aphansi, angaboni, kodwa akufanele kusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezithintekayo njengoba kudiliza isikhumba futhi kuvinjwa i-biopsy. Ngemuva kwanoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhipha, isikhumba ngokuvamile sithunyelwa kwi-pathology lab ukuze sihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukhona i-cancer.
Indlela i-AI Ekhuthaza Ukucwaninga Kwezikhumba
Ukuhlola njalo ama-mole akho kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubamba izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. I-Skinscanner isebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe okuhlinzekwe ngokuqeqeshwa ezithombeni eziningi zezokwelapha ukuze ihlole ama-mole akho ngezici ezithakazelisayo. Ngokuthwebula izithombe zama-mole akho njalo, ungakwazi ukuqapha izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi — into enzima ukuyenza ngamehlo kuphela.
I-AI ihlaziya i-asymmetry, i-border irregularity, i-color variation, i-diameter, nezinye izici odokotela bezokwelapha abahlola. Nakuba i-AI scanning ingekho esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, iyithuluzi elinamandla elisiza ukukhetha isikhathi sokuvakasha kudokotela. Qala ukuhlola ama-mole akho namuhla futhi uthathe isinyathelo esiqinile empilweni yakho yesikhumba.
