I-Lentigo Maligna Melanoma: I-Melanoma Ekukhuleni Kancane Emaphikweni Alimazekile Ngaphansi Kwelanga

ILentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) ingenye yezinhlobo ezine ezinkulu ze-cutaneous melanoma, uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwe-hau cancer. Ivela ku-lentigo maligna, okuyindlela ye-melanoma in situ, okusho ukuthi ama-melanocytes angajwayelekile agcinwe kuphela endaweni engaphandle kakhulu ye-hau (i-epidermis) futhi awakangenanga ezindaweni ezijulile. Lapho i-lentigo maligna iqhubeka futhi amaseli abulalayo aphula i-basement membrane engena kwi-dermis, iba yi-lentigo maligna melanoma. Le subtype ibalelwa cishe ku-4-15 percent yazo zonke i-melanomas futhi ihlukaniswa ngokuxhumana kwayo nokulimala kwelanga okuqhubekayo kunokub exposure okuphakathi.

ILentigo maligna melanoma ikakhulukazi ithinta abantu abadala, lapho iminyaka ejwayelekile yokuxilongwa ingama-65 kuya kwama-70. Ivame kakhulu kubantu abane-hau elikhanyayo, amehlo alula, kanye nomlando wokuphila wokub exposure kwelanga okukhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abachithe iminyaka eminingi besebenza noma bejabulela ngaphandle. Lesi simo sihamba phambili ekuxilongweni kubantu besilisa kunezintombi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinguquko zomlando ekub exposure kwelanga emsebenzini. Abantu abanomlando wokulimala kwe-hau okuhlobene nelanga njengama-actinic keratoses, ama-solar lentigines, kanye nezinye i-hau cancers ezingama-melanoma baphakathi kwezingozi eziphezulu.

ILentigo maligna ivamise ukuqala njengendawo efathekile, enobunjalo obungajwayelekile obumnyama noma obomvu kwi-hau ethintwe kakhulu ilanga, ikakhulukazi ebusweni, ezindlebeni, emzimbeni, noma esikhumbeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sifo sikhula kancane kancane futhi singathuthukisa imikhawulo engajwayelekile kanye nezinguquko z color, kuhlanganise nemibala emnyama, emnyama, pink, noma ngisho nezindawo zokungabi ne-pigmentation lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela luhlasela i-tumor. Umphetho uhlala ufathekile ngesikhathi se-in situ, esingathatha iminyaka noma ngisho neziqubu. Uma lesi sifo sithuthukisa ingxenye ephakeme ye-nodular, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokuhamba phambili ku-lentigo maligna melanoma engenelelayo.!!

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu nge-lentigo maligna wukuthi ingase iqhubeke ivela kwi-lesion ye-in situ iye kwi-melanoma engenelelayo. Nakuba isigaba se-in situ singathatha iminyaka eminingi, lapho ezinye izilonda zihlala zingenelelayo iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu, akukho ndlela ethembekile yokubikezela ukuthi yiziphi ezizohamba phambili. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi cishe u-5 kuya ku-50 percent wezimo ze-lentigo maligna zizokwakha ingxenye engenelelayo uma zingaphathwa, nakuba ububanzi obukhulu buveza ukungaqiniseki emibhalweni. Uma ukuhlasela kwenzeka, i-melanoma ithola ukufinyelela emithonjeni yegazi kanye neziteshi ze-lymphatic, kudala ithuba lokusabalala kwe-metastatic.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-lentigo maligna kanye ne-lentigo maligna melanoma kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa kwe-clinical kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-histopathological. I-Dermoscopy, indlela esebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile lokukhulisa ukuhlola izakhiwo ze-hau ezingabonakali ngamehlo alula, ingaveza amaphethini akhethekile afana nezikhala ze-pigmented follicular ezingafani, izakhiwo ze-annular-granular, kanye nezakhiwo ze-rhomboidal. I-biopsy ibalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqondile, futhi i-excisional noma i-broad shave biopsy iyathandwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kutholakala isampula efanele ye-tissue. I-pathologist ihlola i-biopsy ukuze ibone ukuthi ama-melanocytes agcinwe kwi-epidermis noma asephumelele kwi-dermis.

Ukususwa ngokuqhubekayo kuyindlela yokwelapha ejwayelekile ye-lentigo maligna kanye ne-lentigo maligna melanoma. Ngalesi sifo esikwi-situ, ukususa okukhulu kwendawo enezinhlamvu ezingu-5 kuya kwezi-10 millimeter kuvame ukunconywa, nakuba ukufinyelela emaphethelweni acacile kungaba nzima ngenxa yemingcele engacacile evamile nalezi zifo. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs micrographic noma izindlela zokususwa ezihlelwe ziyaqhubeka zisetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezib face lapho ukugcina isikhumba kubalulekile. Ku-lentigo maligna melanoma eyingozi, imikhawulo yokususwa ichazwa nguBreslow thickness ye-tumor, futhi i-sentinel lymph node biopsy ingase inconywe ukuze ibhekane nezilonda ezijulile.

Ukwaziwa kwe-lentigo maligna melanoma kuncike kakhulu esigabeni lapho kutholakala khona. Uma kutholakala esigabeni se-in situ, izinga lokwelashwa elanele lokususwa kwezinhlamvu liphumelela kakhulu, liseduze kwe-100 percent.!! Ku-lentigo maligna melanoma eyingozi, ukwaziswa kuvame ukufana nezinye izinhlobo ze-melanoma ezinesikhumba esifana nosayizi nesigaba, lapho ama-tumor amancane enza kahle kakhulu.

Izinga lokuphila eminyakeni emihlanu le-lentigo maligna melanomas amancane liphezulu kakhulu. Nokho, izinga lokuphindaphinda lendawo lungase lube phezulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-melanoma ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukufinyelela emaphethelweni acacile ekusisweni kwesikhumba okonakele ngelanga.

Ngokubheka isimo sokukhula kancane kwe-lentigo maligna, ukuqapha okujwayelekile kunikeza ithuba elihle lokutholwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokungena. Noma ubani onomlando wokub exposure okukhulu kwelanga, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, kufanele benze ukuhlolwa kwabo njalo beqaphela noma yiziphi izindawo eziphakeme, ezingajwayelekile ezinemibala emnyama esikhumbeni esithintekile ilanga. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okwenziwa ngochwepheshe nge-dermoscopy kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni izinguquko ezincane ezingase zingabonakali emehlweni angafundile. I-Skinscanner ingaba ithuluzi eliwusizo lokulandela izilonda ezinemibala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikusize uqophe izinguquko osayizi, isimo, noma umbala okumele kube yimbangela yokuvakasha kumelaphi wakho wesikhumba.