Yintoni i-Halo Nevus?
I-halo nevus — eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Sutton nevus, leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum, okanye perinevoid vitiligo — yi-melanocytic nevus (i-mole) ejolise kwi-ring (halo) ye-skin emhlophe engapigmented. Le mbonakalo ibonakalayo ibangelwa ngumsebenzi ophakathi kokhuseleko apho i-T lymphocytes zomzimba zihlasele kwaye zibhujise i-melanocytes — iiseli ezikhiqiza i-pigment — ngaphakathi kwe-mole nakwi-skin ejolise kuyo. I-halo nevi zihlala zenzeka, zifaka malunga ne-1% yabantu bonke, nangona umphumo ophakathi kokwenyani unokuphakama njengoko ezininzi zihlala zingabonwa okanye zingabhalwanga.
Zivame ukubonwa kwiingane nakwiitteenagers, zinephezulu yokufumaneka ngexesha le-adolescence, nangona zingavela nanini na. I-halo nevi zenzeka ngokulinganayo kwiindoda nakwiwomen kwaye ziqwalaselwa kwiimeko zonke. I-ntshona yindawo evame kakhulu, ilandela i-trunk kunye ne-extremities.
Ngelixa i-ring emhlophe ivame ukujolise kwi-mole esele ikhona, i-halo nevi zikwazi ukuvela kwi-nevi ezizalwa okanye kwezinye i-lesions ze-melanocytic. I-mole ephakathi ingaba iphantsi okanye iphakanyisiwe, ibrown, pink, okanye ibala lesikhumba. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le nkqubo iqhubeka ngaphezulu kweminyaka: i-halo emhlophe iqala kuqala, emva koko i-mole ephakathi iyanyamalala kancinci kancinci, ishiyela indawo emhlophe yesikhumba ekugqibeleni ibuyisela umphunga ukuze ihambelane nesikhumba esijolise kuyo.
Le nkqubo yonke ingathatha iminyaka emininzi ukuze igqitywe. I-halo nevi zihlala zingenamphakathi kwaye zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yokhuseleko iyasebenza ngokufanelekileyo — ngokwenene, ngokweqile — ngokuchasene neeseli ze-melanocytic.
Kutheni I-Ring Emhlophe Iveliswa?
I-halo emhlophe ejolise kwi-halo nevus yinxalenye ebonakalayo yokuhlaselwa kokhuseleko okujolise kwi-melanocytes. Ucwaningo luveze ukuba i-ring engapigmented yenziwa ngama-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (i-CD8-positive T cells) aqonda i-antigens ezithile ze-melanocyte njengokungaphandle okanye okungafanelekanga kwaye aqhube impendulo yokhuseleko ye-cell-mediated ukuze azibhubhise. Ezi T cells zifaka i-nevus kunye nesikhumba esijolise kuyo, zikhupha i-cytokines kwaye zibhubhise ngqo i-melanocytes ngokusebenzisa i-perforin kunye ne-granzyme-mediated pathways.
Le nkqubo ifana ngokupheleleyo ne-mechanism ebhujisa i-melanocytes kwi-vitiligo, kodwa kwi-halo nevus, ukuhlaselwa kokhuseleko kugxile kwi-lesion ethile ye-melanocytic. Iithiyori ezininzi zichaza ukuba kutheni inkqubo yokhuseleko igxile kwi-melanocytes ezithile. I-hypothesis evame ukwamkelwa kakhulu kukuba i-melanocytes ye-nevus ibonisa i-antigens ezingafanelekanga kwi-surface yazo — iiprotheni ezahluke kwiizo ze-melanocytes ezijolise kuyo — ezibanjwa njengokungaphandle ngenkqubo yokhuseleko.
Ezi zinguquko zii-antigens zingavela kwi-mutational accumulation ezibangele ukuba i-melanocytes zenze i-nevus ekuqaleni. Enye ithiyori iphakamisa ukuba inkqubo yokhuseleko ibona ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ibhujise i-melanocytes eziphakathi kokuba ne-malignant okanye ezingafanelekanga — ngokwenene, ibhujisa i-impumelelo efanelekileyo. Ukuxhasa le thiyori, uphando luveze ukuba ezinye i-halo nevi ziqulethe i-melanocytes ezineempawu ezithile ezilula.
Nokuba yintoni na eyibangela, impendulo yokhuseleko iyinyani kwaye iyalinganiswa: i-biopsies ze-halo nevi zibonisa i-band-like infiltrate ye-lymphocytes, kwaye i-melanocytes ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-nevus zibonisa ubungqina bokubhujiswa kokhuseleko. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu njengenkqubo yokhuseleko enempilo, hayi umhlola.
Uxhumano lweVitiligo
I-halo nevi kunye ne-vitiligo zine-mechanism eyisiseko — zombini ziquka ukuhlaselwa kokhuseleko okujolise kwi-melanocytes — kwaye ubudlelwane be-clinical phakathi kwezi meko zimbini buqinisekisiwe. Abantu abakha i-halo nevi banokufumaneka ngaphezulu kwe-vitiligo kunabantu bonke, kwaye abaguli abane-vitiligo bahlala benemeko ye-halo nevi okanye bayakha. Ucwaningo luveze ukuba malunga ne-15 ukuya kwi-25 percent yabaguli be-vitiligo bane-halo nevi ngaxeshanye, xa kuthelekiswa ne-1% yabantu bonke.
I-mechanism ehlanganyelweyo ibandakanya ukwazi kwe-autoimmune kwe-antigens ezithile ze-melanocyte, kuquka i-tyrosinase, i-Melan-A (MART-1), i-gp100 (Pmel17), kunye ne-TRP-1 kunye ne-TRP-2, zonke eziyiiprotheni ezibandakanyekayo kwi-melanin production. Kwi-vitiligo, le mpembelelo yokhuseleko ibanzi kwaye iyakhula, ibangela ukuba kube neepatches ezikhulayo zesikhumba esingapigmented. Kwi-halo nevus, le nkqubo ifanayo igxile kwi-lesion ye-melanocytic enye kunye nezinto ezijolise kuyo.
Abanye oodermatologists bacinga ukuba i-halo nevi yindlela yokuziphatha, engazenzisiyo ye-vitiligo egxile kwi-target ye-melanocytic. Umphumo ophakathi kokusebenza kukuba umntwana okanye i-teenager ophuma kwi-halo nevi — ngakumbi i-halo nevi ezininzi ngaxeshanye — kufuneka aqwalaselwe kwiimpawu zokuphuhlisa i-vitiligo, ezinokubakho kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngokufanayo, i-halo nevi zikwazi ukuhamba nezinye iimeko ze-autoimmune ezihlanganiswe ne-vitiligo, kuquka isifo se-thyroid (ikakhulu i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis kunye ne-Graves' disease), i-type 1 diabetes, i-pernicious anemia, kunye ne-Addison's disease.
Oku akuthetha ukuba ukuba unayo i-halo nevus kuqinisekisiwe ukuba uya kufumana nayiphi na yezi meko — abantu abaninzi abane-halo nevi abathathi i-vitiligo okanye enye i-autoimmune disease. Kodwa ukuqonda ubudlelwane kuvumela ukuba kube nokuhlola okufanelekileyo.
Ng cuándo kufuneka ube neengxaki?
Iingxaki ezininzi ze-halo nevi zihlala zikhona, kwaye kubantwana nakubantu abaninzi, zihlala zingafuni nto ngaphandle kokujonga kunye nokukhuthaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zonyango zifuna ukuhlolwa ngokusondeleyo. Kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 abaphuhlisa i-halo nevus entsha, ukugxila okukhulu kuyafuneka kuba i-halo phenomenon ingavela ngezinye iixesha kwi-melanoma — inkqubo yokhuseleko ibona kwaye ibhombisa i-melanocytes ezimbi.
Ngelixa le mpendulo yokhuseleko ngokuchasene ne-melanoma ibalulekile (ukuphinda kubonakale i-melanoma kunika umbono ongcono kunokungabikho kokuphinda kubonakale kwezinye iimeko), i-lesion ephakathi kufuneka ihlolwe. Nanyani i-halo nevus apho i-mole ephakathi ingekho simetriki, ineemida ezingalunganga, ibonisa imibala emininzi, okanye inkulu kuneemilimitha ezi-6 kufuneka ihlolwe ngedermoscopy kwaye mhlawumbi ibhiyozwe. I-halo nevi ezine-halos ezikwi-centrik (ezikwi-centrik) okanye i-halos ezingalunganga, ezingekho simetriki endaweni ye-ring ejolileyo, efanelekileyo ifuna ukuhlolwa ngochwepheshe.
I-halo nevi ezininzi eziphakathi kokuphuhliswa kumntu omdala kufuneka zikhuthaze ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo komzimba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho i-melanoma engaziwayo kwenye indawo emzimbeni — ngamanye amaxesha, ukuvulwa kokhuseleko okukhokelela kwi-halo nevi ezininzi kudalwe yi-melanoma kwindawo ekude, kwaye i-halo phenomenon ibonisa ukuphendula kokhuseleko ngokuchasene ne-antigens ze-melanocyte.!! Le ndibano ayiqhelekanga kodwa ibalulekile kwezonyango. Ukuba i-mole ephakathi kwe-halo nevus ayilandeleli umgangatho olindelekileyo wokuphuma kancinci, simetriki, okanye ukuba iyamnyama, ikhula, iphuhlisa i-nodularity, okanye ibhiyozwe, ibhiyozwe iyafuneka. Ngokufanayo, ukuba i-halo emhlophe iqhubeka ibandakanya iindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zomzimba ngaphandle kwendawo ye-perinevoid, oku kungabandakanya i-vitiligo ephuhlayo kwaye kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezonyango.
Umlando wemvelo kunye nolawulo
Umjikelo wemvelo we-halo nevus ulandela umjikelo olindelekileyo ophakathi kweminyaka emininzi. Isigaba sokuqala siquka ukuphuhliswa kwe-halo emhlophe engapigmenti ecaleni kwe-mole ekhona, ivame ukuvela kancinci kwiiveki ukuya kwiinyanga. Isigaba sesibini sibona i-mole ephakathi iqala ukuncipha nokuphuma, ilahlekelwa yipigmenti njengoko ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-melanocytes okuqhutywa yi-immune kuqhubeka.
Isigaba sesithathu siquka ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwe-mole ephakathi, kushiya umgca omde we-skin emhlophe engapigmenti. Isigaba sesine, isigaba sokugqibela, siquka ukuncipha kancinci kweendawo ezimhlophe njengoko i-melanocytes ezintsha ziqhuba zisuka kwi-periphery nakwi-hair follicles, ekugqibeleni zibuyisela le ndawo kwi-color ye-skin ejolileyo okanye ejolileyo. Le nkqubo yonke ingathatha phakathi kweminyaka emibini ukuya kweminyaka eyi-10 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ezinye i-halo nevi zihlala kwi-stage ephakathi ngaphandle kokugqiba umjikelo opheleleyo.
Ulawulo lwe-halo nevi ezijolileyo kulula: ukugxila kwezonyango kunye nokukhuthaza. Akukho nyango ifunekayo kwi-halo nevus uqobo. Kubantwana nakubantu abaninzi abane-presentation ye-classic — i-mole esimele simetriki ene-ring emhlophe simetriki, ezinzile okanye ezihamba phambili — ukugxila kwezonyango kuphela kuyafuneka, kunye nokuhlolwa kokulandela rhoqo kwiiveki eziyi-6 ukuya kwiinyanga eziyi-12 ukuqinisekisa umjikelo olindelekileyo.
Ukubhaliswa ngeefoto zonyango kwi-visit nganye kunceda ukulandelela utshintsho ngokobuchule. I-halo engapigmenti kufuneka ivikelwe kwi-UV, njengoko ukungabikho kwe-melanocytes kuthetha ukuba isikhumba kule ndawo ibuthathaka ngakumbi kwi-UV kunye ne-sunburn.!! I-sunscreen ye-broad-spectrum kufuneka ifakwe kwiindawo ezingenapigmenti. Ukuba ukususwa kwe-halo nevus kuyafuneka ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlobisa okanye ukuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko, ibhiyozwe yokususa ebandakanya i-mole ephakathi kunye neendawo ze-halo iyacetyiswa.
Indlela i-AI Skin Analysis Engasiza Ngayo
Ukubona i-ring emhlophe iphuhliswa ecaleni kwe-mole kungabangele ukungonwabi — ibonakala ingaqhelekanga kwaye ihluke kwiinto ozibonileyo ngaphambili. I-Skinscanner ibonelela ngengxelo ye-akhawunti kunye nohlalutyo xa uthatha umfanekiso we-mole one-halo engapigmenti ecaleni. I-AI ihlola iimpawu ze-mole ephakathi — i-symmetry yayo, ukulunga kwemida, ubungakanani bemibala, kunye nobungakanani — kunye ne-pattern ye-halo — i-symmetry yayo, ububanzi, kunye nokulunga — ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-presentation ihambelana nomjikelo olindelekileyo we-halo nevus okanye ibonisa iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezifuna ukuhlolwa ngochwepheshe.
Oku kukhuthaza kakhulu kubazali abafumanisa i-halo nevus kumntwana wabo kwaye badinga umkhombandlela wokuba ngaba kukhathazekile. I-Skinscanner ingasiza ukuhlukanisa i-halo nevus ye-classic kwiimeko ezithile ezingenza i-ring engapigmenti ecaleni kwe-lesion yesikhumba, kuquka i-melanoma enokuphinda ibonakale kunye ne-halo phenomenon ecaleni kwe-nevus ye-dysplastic. Kubantu abaziwayo nge-halo nevi, ukujolisa rhoqo kulandelela ukuhamba phakathi kwezigaba ezilindelekileyo — ukuphuhliswa kwe-halo, ukuncipha kwe-mole, ukuphinda kubonakale ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokuphinda kubonakale — kubonelela ngedokhumenti ebonakalayo eqinisekisa umjikelo ojolileyo okanye ibhiyozwe nayiphi na ukungahambelani nomjikelo olindelekileyo.
I-Skinscanner ayifuni ukuhlola i-dermatoscopic, eyenza iimeko eziphakamileyo ezingaphantsi komfanekiso ophakathi kokukhanya okungafunyanwa. Nanyani i-halo nevus engaqhelekanga — ngakumbi kubantu abadala — kufuneka ihlolwe ngochwepheshe ngedermoscopy kwaye mhlawumbi ibhiyozwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-histologic. Kodwa kwi-uhlolo lokuqala kunye nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwe-halo nevi ezijolileyo, i-Skinscanner inika umkhombandlela ofikeleleka, onolwazi.
