I-Cutaneous melanoma
Uhlolo
Iimfuno ezingavami
Iqela leminyaka
Abantu abadala & Abadala
Uphuhliso
Uphuhliso
Uhlanga
Hayibo
IMelanoma ngumhlaza wesikhumba onobungozi othuthukayo ovela kumaseli akhiqiza umbala abizwa ngokuba ngama-melanocyte. Ihlala ivela esikhumbeni kodwa inokuthi ivele kwiso, kumambrini amuncu, okanye phantsi kwezipikili. Ukufumanisa kwangoko kunye nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kokuhlinzwa kuphucula kakhulu amathuba okuphila.
Le ngcaciso ijolise kumphakathi. Ngokuhlola, uya kufumana uhlolo oluchanekileyo, olwenziwe ngokwakho — kubandakanya uhlolo lwezingozi, ukulandela umkhondo, kunye nezenzo ezikhuthazwayo.
IMelanoma iqala xa ama-melanocyte eqokelela umonakalo we-genetic kwaye aphenduke abe ngumhlaza, ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi kwefuthe lemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye nokuthambekela okufunwa. Kubantu abaninzi, akukho sizathu sicacileyo esinokufunyanwa, kodwa indibaniselwano yokuchayeka kwe-UV, uhlobo lwesikhumba, kunye nofuzo kudlala indima.
Izinto eziphambili ezibeka umngcipheko we-melanoma kukuchayeka okukhulu okanye okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-UV, isikhumba esikhanyayo esitshiswa lula, amabala amaninzi okanye angajwayelekile, imbali yomntu okanye yosapho ye-melanoma, kunye nobudala obudala. Isikhumba esinsundu sinokuzikhusela okuthile, kodwa i-acral ne-subungual melanomas isenzeka kwaye ivame ukufunyanwa kamva.
Unyango oluphambili lwe-melanoma kukususwa ngokuhlinzwa ngendawo ephephile yesikhumba esiqhelekileyo esijikelezayo umhlaza. Ukuba izindlala zomzimba okanye izitho ezikude zihilelekile, unyango lunokuthi lubandakanye ukuhlinzwa kwezindlala zomzimba, unyango lomzimba, unyango olujoliswe, unyango ngomuthi, kunye/noma imisebe, okukhethwe ngugqirha wezifo zomhlaza ngokusekelwe esigabeni.
Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-melanoma ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-UV, ugweme imibhede yokushuka, usebenzise i-sunscreen ebanzi, kwaye uvikele isikhumba sakho ngezingubo nomthunzi. Ukuhlolwa kwakho rhoqo, ukuhlaziywa kwesikhumba se-AI kwethu kokuhlolwa okuvamile, kunye nezivakashi zodokotela ngexesha lokutshintsha amabala kubaluleke kakhulu.
Nawuphi na ibala okanye indawo emnyama eshintsha ngosayizi, ukuma, umbala, okanye iqala ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, okanye ukuvuvukala kufuneka ihlolwe ngokukhawuleza ngugqirha wesikhumba okanye ugqirha wezifo zomhlaza. Sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwesikhumba se-AI kwethu ukuhlolwa okuvamile, kodwa ungabambezeli ukuvakashela umntu ukuba usetyenziso okanye ukubona kwakho kukhathaza.
IMelanoma iyimeko ephuthumayo kwezonyango kuba ukubambezeleka kungaba yingozi ebomini, ngoko nayiphi na indawo esolisayo kufuneka ihlolwe ngugqirha wesikhumba okanye ugqirha wezifo zomhlaza kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba ibala lishintsha ngokukhawuleza, likhipha igazi, okanye livuvukala, phatha njengokuphuthumayo kwaye ufumane unonophelo lomntu ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Ulwazi olunikezelwe apha lwenziwe ngeenjongo zemfundo kuphela kwaye aluqhubekisi isikhokelo sezonyango esisebenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, cela umphathiswa wezonyango okanye udokotela ukuba unayo nayiphi na imiba.
I-Lentigo melanoma luhlobo lwe-melanoma oluhlala lukhula esikhunjeni esonakele lilanga ebusweni kubantu abadala, rhoqo phezu kwephatshi elide elinsundu elibizwa ngokuba yi-lentigo maligna (Dubreuilh melanosis). Ihlala ikhula kancinci phezu komphezulu iminyaka, kodwa xa iqala ukukhula ngaphakathi iba nobundlobongela, inokusasazeka kumaseli omzimba angaphakathi, kwaye ihlala ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo lochwephesha.
I-Actinic keratosis yindawo enobukhali, enezikali esikhunjeni esivezwe lilanga ebangelwa umonakalo we-UV wesikhathi eside. Iqwalaselwa njengotshintsho olungaphambi komhlaza kuba inxalenye encinci ingaba yi-squamous cell carcinoma ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nonyango kuvame ukucetyiswa.
I-Keratoacanthoma ngumhlaza wesikhumba okhula ngokukhawuleza ovame ukuvela kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo lilanga kubantu abadala abaphakathi naphakathi nabadala. Ibonakala njengobumba olujikelezileyo olunomgogodla we-keratin (into eqinile) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingancipha ngokwayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyahlula kwi-squamous cell carcinoma, ngoko oogqirha bahlala beyiphatha njengento enokuthi ibe yingozi.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesikhumba olukhula kumaleko angaphandle esikhumba kwaye lunokungena kwizicubu ezinzulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iveza indawo enesikali, enekrusti, okanye enenxeba elikhula kancinci kwaye inokutshabalalisa ulusu olungqongileyo ukuba ayinyangwanga ngexesha.
