Iindawo Emdaka kunye ne-Hyperpigmentation: Iimpawu zokuqala & Ukhuseleko

I-hyperpigmentation igama elibanzi elichaza iindawo zesikhumba ezidumileyo kakhulu kunezitho ezijolise kuyo. Yenye yeengxaki ezidumileyo abantu abazifuna ukuncedwa kwi-dermatological care emhlabeni jikelele, ibandakanya zonke iithoni zesikhumba, nangona ikhangela ukuba ibonakale ngakumbi kwaye ihlale ikho kwiithoni eziphakathi ukuya kwezimdaka. Kwinqanaba le-cell, i-hyperpigmentation yenzeka xa i-melanocytes — iicell ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i-melanin, i-pigment enika isikhumba umbala — ziba nezenzo eziphezulu okanye zenze i-melanin ngendlela engalinganiyo.

Le mveliso ephezulu ingavulwa kukukhanya kwelanga, ukuvuvukala, utshintsho lwehormonal, umonakalo, okanye ezinye iimeko. I-melanin eyengezelelweyo ibekwa kwiicell zesikhumba ezijolise kuyo, idala iindawo ezimnyama ezibonakalayo. I-melanin ikho kwiifom ezimbini eziphambili: i-eumelanin, eyenza iithoni ezimnyama nezimnyama, kunye ne-pheomelanin, eyenza iithoni ezibomvu neziluhlaza.

Umphumo wale mveliso mibini, udityaniswa nomphumo ophumayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo zesikhumba, unquma umbala kunye nokubonakala kweendawo ezine-hyperpigmentation. Ubunzulu apho i-melanin eyengezelelweyo ibekwe bukhulu kakhulu kwiimiphumo zokunyanga. I-hyperpigmentation ye-epidermal — apho i-melanin ikwiindawo eziphezulu zesikhumba — ikhangela ukuphendula ngcono kwiindlela zokunyanga eziphezulu kwaye ibonakala njengokungcoliseka okumnyama okanye okumnyama.

I-hyperpigmentation ye-dermal — apho i-melanin ifike kwiindawo ezinzulu — ibonakala ibhuleyibhuleyi kwaye ibonakala ingaphenduli kakuhle kwiindlela zokunyanga eziphezulu. Iimeko ezininzi ziquka udibaniso lwezimbini ze-pigment ye-epidermal kunye ne-dermal. I-dermatologist ingasebenzisa uvavanyo lweWood's lamp ukusiza ukunceda ukucacisa ubunzulu be-pigmentation kunye nokukhokelela kwiimfuno zokunyanga.

I-hyperpigmentation ye-post-inflammatory, eqhelekileyo njenge-PIH, yintlobo eqhelekileyo ye-hyperpigmentation efunyenweyo. Ivela emva kokuphazamiseka kwesikhumba okanye umonakalo — i-acne, i-eczema, iibhola, iicut, iimpuku, okanye iindlela ezinzima zokwenza ubuhle. Le nqubo yokuvuvukala ikhulisa i-melanocytes ukuba zenze i-pigment eyengezelelweyo, ehlala ixesha elide emva kokuba ukuvuvukala kokuqala kuphumelele.

I-PIH ibonakala ikakhulu kwaye ibonakala ngakumbi kwiithoni ezimnyama ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-melanocyte. I-hyperpigmentation ye-post-inflammatory evela kwi-acne ingahlala iinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka ngaphandle kokunyanga, yiyo le nto ukuthintela iindawo ze-acne ukuba zibe ne-vuvukala kakhulu — kunye nokugwema ukujolisa — yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo kakhulu zokulwa neempawu ezimnyama.!! I-PIH ikhulisa ukuphendula kakuhle kwiindlela zokunyanga eziphezulu kwaye iyanyamalala ngexesha, ngakumbi xa kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko lweLanga.

I-melasma yindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ye-hyperpigmentation ebonakaliswa ngama-patches amnyama okanye amnyama, ngokubanzi kwiimpundu, kumphunga, emlonyeni ophakamileyo, kumphunga, kunye ne-chin. Ibandakanya kakhulu iimpembelelo ze-hormonal — ukukhulelwa, i-contraceptives zomlomo, kunye ne-hormone replacement therapy zihlala zikhuthaza. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubangela ukuba i-melasma ibe mbi kakhulu, kwaye nokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nokushisa kungakhuthaza i-pigmentation kwiindawo ezithintelwe.

I-melasma ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi yokunyanga kwaye inenqanaba eliphezulu lokuphinda ibonakale. I-solar lentigines, ezaziwa ngokuba ziindawo zeLanga, iindawo zokuguga, okanye iindawo ze-liver, ziindawo ezimnyama ezincinci ezivelayo kwi-sikhumba esikhanyisiweyo rhoqo — ubuso, izandla, amahlombe, kunye neeforearms. Zimele umonakalo we-UV ophumelele kwi-melanocytes ngexesha elide kwaye ziba zininzi emva kweminyaka engama-40. Ngokungafani neefrekhwe, ezingenakuphuma ebusika, i-solar lentigines zihlala zikhona unyaka wonke kwaye zihlala ziba mnyama ngakumbi xa kuqhubeka ukukhanya kwelanga.

Ukuba kukhona inyani eyodwa evumelekileyo ekuphathweni kwe-hyperpigmentation, kukuthi akukho ncedo luthile oluzakusebenza ngaphandle kokukhusela ilanga ngaxeshanye. I-ultraviolet radiation iyinto eyodwa enamandla kakhulu yokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, kwaye nokuba kukhanya okuncinci okungakhuselwanga ilanga kungaphula iminyaka yokuphuculwa kokunyanga. Oku kwenza ukuba ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen yonke imihla kube yisiseko sokuthintela kunye nokunyanga.

Ukuze ufumane umbono opheleleyo, jonga umhlahlandlela wethu wokukhusela ilanga. I-sunscreen ye-broad-spectrum enama-SPF angama-30 okanye ngaphezulu ivimba i-UVB rays ezibangela ukushiswa ilanga kunye ne-UVA rays ezingena ngaphakathi ngakumbi kwaye zikhuthaza i-melanocytes. Kubantu abanemelasma okanye abaphantsi kokunyanga kwe-hyperpigmentation, i-SPF 50 ivame ukunconywa.

Ikeyi kukufaka ngokwaneleyo — abantu abaninzi bafaka kuphela i-25 ukuya kwi-50 percent yomlinganiselo oncomekayo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukhuseleko olusebenzayo. Kwimeko ye-hyperpigmentation, i-sunscreens ezinemibala equlethe i-iron oxide zinika inzuzo ebalulekileyo ngaphezu kwemixube engabhalwanga ngenxa yokuba ivimba ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okuvele kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin — ngakumbi kwiitoni zezikhumba ezimnyama — ngendlela engabhekiyo ye-UV filters ezijolise kuyo.!! Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwe-melasma.

Ngaphandle kwe-sunscreen, ukuziphatha kokukhusela kukhuthaza ukuthintela. Ukufuna umthunzi phakathi kwamaxesha aphezulu e-UV phakathi kwe-10 AM kunye ne-4 PM, ukugqoka iihati ezine-brim enkulu, kunye nokusebenzisa iisigqoko zokukhusela i-UV zonke zinciphisa ukukhuthazwa kwe-melanocyte. Ukuphinda ufake i-sunscreen rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbini ngexesha lokukhanya ilanga, okanye ngokukhawuleza emva kokubhukuda okanye ukuxhoma kakhulu, kugcina umgca wokukhusela.

Ukuthintela i-hyperpigmentation ye-post-inflammatory kugxininisa ekunciphiseni ukutshisa kwesikhumba kunye ne-trauma. Oku kuthetha ukunyanga i-acne kwangoko nangempumelelo endaweni yokuvumela i-lesions ukuba zihlale, ukugwema ukuncamathela okanye ukucinezela iimpawu, ukukhetha iimveliso zokhathalelo lwesikhumba ezithambileyo, kunye nokuba neengqwalasela kwiindlela ezinamandla ezifana ne-chemical peels okanye iiprocedures ze-laser, ngakumbi kwiitoni zezikhumba ezimnyama apho umngcipheko wokukhuthaza i-PIH entsha uphakamile.

Iingxaki ezininzi zokufaka zineengxelo ezomeleleyo zonyango ezixhasa ukusebenza kwazo ngokuchasene ne-hyperpigmentation. Indlela ephumelelayo ikakhulu ihlanganisa i-agent ezininzi ezisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-Vitamin C, ngokukodwa i-L-ascorbic acid kwi-concentrations ye-10 ukuya kwi-20 percent, ingomnye wezinto eziphuhliswe kakhulu.

Iphosa i-enzyme tyrosinase, ebalulekileyo ekukhiqizeni kwe-melanin, kwaye inika ukhuseleko lwe-antioxidant ngokuchasene ne-pigmentation ekhuthazwe yi-UV. I-Vitamin C isebenza kakhulu xa ibhalwe kwi-pH ephantsi kwaye igcinwe kwiipakethe ezingenakubona, ezivalekileyo ukuze kugwenywe i-oxidation. Faka ngentsimbi ye-ntambama phantsi kwe-sunscreen ukuze ufumane inzuzo yokuthintela.

I-retinoids — kubandakanywa i-retinol ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kunye ne-tretinoin ye-prescription — ikhawulela ukuguqulwa kwemithambo, ilethe iicell ezinemibala phezulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhuthaze ukutshintshwa kwazo ngee-cell ezinemibala ejolise kuyo. Ziphucula nokuhanjiswa kwe-melanin ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. I-retinoids zithatha iiveki ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuze ziveze iziphumo ezibonakalayo kwaye zifuna ukungena kancinci ukuze kuncitshiswe ukucaphukisa.

I-Azelaic acid kwi-concentration ye-15 ukuya kwi-20 percent iyindlela ebalulekileyo yokunyanga i-hyperpigmentation. Iphosa i-tyrosinase ngokukhethekileyo kwi-melanocytes ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyo ngelixa igcina i-melanocytes ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo zingathintwanga, okwenza kube kukhuselekile kwiitoni zezikhumba ezimnyama apho ezinye iindlela ezinamandla zikhumbuza i-hypopigmentation. Iphinde ibe neempawu zokuthintela ukutshisa kunye ne-antibacterial, okwenza kube luncedo kwi-PIH ephathelene ne-acne.

I-Niacinamide kwi-3 ukuya kwi-5 percent iphosa ukuhanjiswa kwe-melanin kwi-melanocytes ukuya kwiicell zesikhumba ezikufutshane, inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-pigmentation ebukwayo. I-Alpha arbutin, i-tranexamic acid, kunye ne-kojic acid ziingxaki ezongezelelweyo ezineengxelo zokukhanya, nangona ikakhulu zineziphumo ezincinci kunezinto ezichaziwe ngasentla. I-Hydroquinone kwi-2 ukuya kwi-4 percent isaqhubeka ibe enye yeendlela eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa i-pigmentation kodwa kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kokuqondiswa kwezonyango ngenxa yeempembelelo ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa ixesha elide.

Xa iindlela zokufaka kuphela zingaboni ukuphuculwa okwanelisayo, iindlela zonyango zobuchwephesha zinganika iziphumo ezinkulu. I-chemical peels ezisebenzisa i-glycolic acid, i-salicylic acid, okanye i-trichloroacetic acid zikhupha umgca ophakathi wesikhumba esinemibala kwaye zikhuthaza ukutshintshwa. I-superficial peels zineengozi eziphantsi kwaye zingaphathwa kumjikelo ukuze zifumane inzuzo ehlanganisiweyo.

I-medium-depth peels zivelisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo kodwa zifuna ixesha elide lokuphola kwaye zineengozi eziphezulu zokuphazamiseka kwiitoni zezikhumba ezimnyama. Iindlela ze-laser zikhule kakhulu kwi-hyperpigmentation. I-Q-switched lasers kunye ne-picosecond lasers zijolise kwi-melanin ngokukhethekileyo ngaphandle kokulimaza isikhumba esikufutshane.

I-fractional lasers zenze iindawo zokunyanga ezincinci eziphola ngokukhawuleza ngelixa zikhuthaza ukulungiswa kwe-collagen kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-pigment. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ze-laser zokupigmenta zifuna ukhetho olucokisekileyo lwabantu kunye nabachwephesha abanolwazi, ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi bezikhumba ezimnyama, apho umngcipheko we-hyperpigmentation ye-post-treatment okanye i-hypopigmentation uphakamile. I-microneedling ihlanganiswe neengxaki zokukhanya zingaphucula ukungena kunye nokuphucula iziphumo.

I-chemical peels ezilungiselelwe uhlobo lwesikhumba lomntu kunye nobunzima be-pigmentation zinika enye indlela engabizi yokunyanga i-laser enempumelelo elungileyo ye-pigmentation ye-epidermal. Ukumisela imithetho elinganiselweyo kubalulekile. Ukunyanga i-hyperpigmentation ngumjikelo, hayi umjikelo.

Iindlela ezininzi zokufaka zifuna iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi-6 zokusebenzisa rhoqo ukuze ziveze ukuphuculwa okubonakalayo. I-melasma ikakhulu ifuna ukunyanga okuqhubekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukuphinda kubonakale. Nokuba emva kokunyanga empumelelweni, naluphi na ukutshisa okutsha, ukukhanya ilanga ngaphandle kokukhusela, okanye utshintsho lwe-hormonal lungakhuthaza ukuphinda kubonakale i-pigmentation.

Ukukhathalela okuqhubekayo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ukuthintela ukuguga kwangaphambili. Istrategi ephumelelayo yokuphila ixesha elide ye-hyperpigmentation ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen yonke imihla, uhlelo oluqhubekayo lokukhanya, kunye nokunyanga kwangoko kwanoma yiphi ukutshisa kwesikhumba ngaphambi kokuba kube nethuba lokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-pigment entsha.!! Ukubekezela kunye nokungaguquguqukiyo kuhlala kudlula iindlela ezinamandla zexesha elifutshane ezikhumbuza ukuphinda kubonakale i-pigmentation okanye umonakalo wombane.