Lichen planus

The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it is thought to be related to an overactive immune response. In some people it may be triggered by certain medicines, hepatitis C infection, or contact with toxic substances like heavy metals.

Lichen planus is more common in adults, especially middle-aged people, and slightly more often in women. Risks are higher if you have certain autoimmune conditions, chronic hepatitis C, or take medicines known to trigger similar rashes.

Lichen planus often improves on its own, but treatment can ease itching, pain, and prevent complications like scarring or hair loss. Common treatments include topical steroid creams, antihistamines for itch, UV light therapy, and in stubborn cases medicines like retinoids or tacrolimus.

There is no guaranteed way to prevent lichen planus, but you can reduce flares by avoiding skin injuries, managing stress, and reviewing medicines that might trigger similar rashes. For mouth involvement, not smoking, avoiding alcohol, and gentle oral care are key.

You should see a dermatologist to confirm the diagnosis, rule out look-alike conditions, and get treatment if you have strong itching, mouth or genital sores, nail changes, or scalp hair loss. Regular follow-up is important for long-lasting oral or genital lichen planus.

Lichen planus is usually not an emergency, but you should book a routine dermatology visit within a few weeks, sooner if you have painful mouth or genital sores, nail destruction, or signs of hair loss on the scalp.