Ingabe I-Mole Yami Ibhakabhaka? Izimpawu Zokuxwayisa Ongafanele Uziqaphele

Uke ubona ukuthi ubukele futhi—le mole emuva kwakho, esandleni sakho, noma endaweni ethile ongakwazi ukuyibona ngaphandle kokuzungeza phambi kwesibuko. Mhlawumbe bekukhona njalo, noma mhlawumbe usanda kuyibona. Noma kunjalo, uyazibuza: Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi?

Ngabe kufanele ngikhathazeke? Ukukhathazeka kuyabakhona, futhi kuyafaneleka. I-melanoma, uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-cancer yesikhumba, ibulala cishe abantu abangu-8,000 e-United States ngonyaka, kodwa uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kungaphezu kuka-99% kulungiseka.

Lezi zilinganiso zodwa zikhombisa ukuthi ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwe-mole elungele ne-mole engalungile kuyaziwa okungasindisa impilo. Iningi labantu likhulu phakathi kuka-10 no-40 ama-moles, futhi iningi elikhulu ngeke libangele izinkinga. Kodwa phakathi kwalolu hlobo, eyodwa kuzo zonke eziyishumi,000 ama-moles inezinga lokuba i-melanoma.

Yeka ukudideka. Qala ukuskena. Inselelo akukhona ukuthi ama-moles abukhali ayancipha—kukhona ukuthi angabukeka efana kakhulu nezinye ezilungile, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala lapho ukwelashwa kulula kakhulu futhi kuphumelela kakhulu.

Odokotela bezikhumba basebenzisa isakhiwo esilula esibizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-ABCDE ukuze bathole ama-moles angaba yingozi, futhi ungakusebenzisa uqobo manje. 'A' imele i-Asymmetry—uma udweba umugqa phakathi kwe-mole yakho, ingabe bobabili bahambisana? Ama-moles abukhali ngokuvamile awahambisani.

'B' imele i-Border—ama-moles alungele ngokuvamile anemigqa eqondile, kanti ama-melanomas ngokuvamile anemigqa engajwayelekile, ehlukanisiwe, noma engacacile. 'C' imele i-Color—ama-moles alungile ngokuvamile anombala owodwa obhaki noma obhaki, kanti ama-moles akhathazayo angase abe nemibala eminingi kuhlanganisa ubhaki, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, noma oluhlaza. 'D' imele i-Diameter—ngaphandle kokuthi ama-melanomas angase abe mncane, noma iyiphi i-mole enkulu kune-6mm (cishe usayizi we-eraser ye-pencil) idinga ukunakwa.

'E' imele i-Evolving—noma iyiphi i-mole eshintsha osayizi, ifomu, umbala, ukuphakama, noma ithuthukisa izimpawu ezintsha ezifana nokuhlanza, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvuvukala iyisixwayiso. Ukukhathazeka? Thola ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwe-AI mahhala ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-30 futhi ubone ukuthi i-mole yakho ikala kanjani ngokuhambisana nalezi zici ezibalulekile. Umthetho we-ABCDE awuphelele—ama-melanomas ambalwa awalandeli lezi zindlela, futhi ama-moles abukeka engajwayelekile angase abe alungile—kodwa kuyisikhumbuzo esihle sokuqala sokuzihlola.

Ngaphandle komthetho we-ABCDE, kukhona enye into enamandla odokotela bezikhumba abathembela kuyo: uphawu lwe-ugly duckling. Le mbono ilula kakhulu—uma enye ye-moles zakho ibonakala ihluke kakhulu kwezinye, idinga ukuhlolwa. Ama-moles amaningi abantu abavame ukujwayela afana, njengezingane emndenini ofanayo.

Ziyafana usayizi, umbala, nezimo. I-ugly duckling iyona ebonakala, i-mole engafani nezinye. Ingabe ibomvu kakhulu, inkulu, ingajwayelekile, noma ingabe ibukeka kanjani ngendlela ongakwazi ukuyichaza.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-melanomas avame ukuvela njengale mole engafani, leyo engahambisani nezihlobo zayo. Lokhu kungukuthi kungani ukuthwebula izithombe zomzimba wonke nokuhlola isikhathi eside sekuyinto ejwayelekile kwezokwelapha—kwenza kube lula ukubona le ugly duckling. Umuzwa wakho wokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle nge-mole ethile ulwazi olubalulekile, hhayi ukucasulwa.

Isithombe esisodwa. Imizuzu eyodwa. Ukuthula kwengqondo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-AI kwangempela kungakwazi ukwenza le mbono ye-ugly duckling ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuhlola ukuthi i-mole okukhathazekile ngayo inezici zokubona ezihlukile kakhulu kumaphethini ajwayelekile.

Ngenkathi kujwayelekile ukuthola ama-moles amasha ngesikhathi sokukhula nasebusheni, ukuvela kwe-mole entsha ngemuva kweminyaka engu-30 kufanele kukhumbuze. Akukho i-mole entsha engalungile—abanye abantu baqhubeka nokuthola ama-moles alungile empilweni yabo—kodwa ingozi ye-statistical ikhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando omkhulu wokukhanya kwelanga noma isikhumba esiphakeme. Okukhathazayo kakhulu i-mole entsha ekhula ngokushesha noma ithuthukisa noma yiziphi zezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa ze-ABCDE.

Okubalulekile ukufunda umehluko phakathi kwe-mole entsha yangempela kanye ne-mole ongakaze uyibone ngaphambili. Abantu abaningi bathola ama-moles 'amasha' emuva, ezindaweni ezinzima, noma kwezinye izindawo ezinzima ezitholakala iminyaka. Lokhu kuyinto lapho ubhaliso luba kubalulekile.

Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-moles zakho kudala isisekelo, kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinguquko zangempela uma kuqhathaniswa nezici ezindala ozitholelayo. Ikhamera yeselula yakho ingasindisa isikhumba sakho—ngempela. Ubuchwepheshe obukhona ephaketheni lakho bungakha uhlobo lwezithombe ezazidinga ukuthwebulwa kwezokwelapha, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwe-AI kungaphawula izinguquko ezithile ezingase zishaywe ngamehlo aqeqeshiwe.

Ingozi yakho yokuthola ama-moles angaba yingozi ayizwakali—ithonywa yihlanganiso yezici zezakhamuzi nezemvelo. Ukuba nomndeni ophakathi (umzali, umndeni, noma ingane) one-melanoma kukhulisa ingozi yakho kabili. Umlando wezikhumba ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula, kukhulisa ingozi kakhulu.

Isikhumba esiphakeme, izinwele ezikhanyayo, kanye namehlo aluhlaza ahlotshaniswa nezinga eliphezulu le-melanoma, nakuba abantu bezikhumba zonke bangathola futhi benze i-cancer yesikhumba. Ukuba nama-moles angaphezu kuka-50 noma ama-moles angajwayelekile (dysplastic) kukhulisa ingozi. Uhlelo oluphansi lwezempilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngenxa yezimo zokwelapha noma imishanguzo, kukwenza ube sengozini.

Umlando we-cancer yesikhumba ophambilini ubonisa ukuthi unengozi yokuthola ezinye. Uma uhlole amabhokisi amaningi kulolu hlu, awukwazi ukuphila—uyazi. Futhi ulwazi luholela ekwenzeni.

Abantu abanesikhumba esiphakeme kufanele bahlale beqaphile ngokuqhubekayo kokuhlolwa kwesikhumba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezikhumba ngochwepheshe. Abantu abaningi balinda isikhathi eside. Ungabi ngabantu abaningi. Ukuqonda isikhumbuzo sakho se-risks kusiza ukuthi ulungise impendulo yakho ngendlela efanele, ungakhethi izinguquko ezikhathazayo noma ukucasula ngazo zonke izimpungushe.

Ukuqonda inqubo yokuhlola ochwepheshe kungakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi kufanele ube kuphi nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, odokotela bezikhumba benza ukuhlola okuphelele komzimba, ngokuvamile besebenzisa i-dermatoscope—ithuluzi elikhethekile lokukhanyisa eliveza izithombe ezingabonakali ngeso elijwayelekile. Bheka izimfanelo ze-ABCDE, izimpawu ze-ugly duckling, nezithombe ezithile ezihlotshaniswa nokukhula okujwayelekile noma okubi.

Uma i-mole ibonakala iyingozi, kungenzeka ukuthi bazoncoma i-biopsy, ehlanganisa ukuvuvukala endaweni nokukhipha yonke noma ingxenye ye-mole ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinqubo esheshayo, ehhovisi enezinkinga ezincane. Imiphumela ye-pathology ivame ukufika phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-1-2.

Uma i-melanoma iqinisekisiwe, ukwenziwa kwenqubo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibikuphi lapho isikhumba sitholakala khona, okukhombisa ukwelashwa—okuvela ekususeni okulula kwe-cancer yokuqala kuya ezinyathelweni ezinzima zokwelashwa. Nansi ingxenye ebalulekile: i-melanoma yokuqala ingavame ukwelashwa ngenkathi inqubo ehamba phambili. I-melanoma ethuthukisiwe idinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, okudinga izindleko ezinkulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi akuphumeleli.

Thumela isithombe manje futhi wazi ngemizuzu uma i-mole yakho idinga ukuhlolwa ngochwepheshe. Ukuhlola kwe-AI akushintshi i-biopsy uma kudingeka, kodwa kungasiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi le mhlangano kufanele ibe kuleli sonto noma ingalinda izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Umthelela wezempilo yengqondo wokukhathazeka nge-cancer yesikhumba uyabakhona futhi awubhalwe kahle. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi abantu abane-melanoma anxiety bahlupheka kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi begwema izimo ezithinta isikhumba sabo, behlola ama-moles ngokweqile, noma ngokuphambene, begwema ukuhlolwa ngenxa yokwesaba. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuvame ukuba endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi—akukhathazeki kakhulu ukuze kube yisifo esithile, kodwa kuqhubeka kakhulu ukuze kunciphise izinga lempilo.

Ungathola ukuthi ubhuka izithombe ze-melanoma ngo-2 AM, uqinisekile ukuthi i-mole yakho ifana nezibonelo ezesabekayo. Ungase uphume ezindaweni zokubhukuda noma uzizwe ungakhululekile ngama-moles abanye abantu abangase bangaboni. Lo mthwalo wezengqondo ukhuphuka ngempela ngenxa yenkinga yokufinyelela kwezokwelapha: izikhathi zokuhlola odokotela bezikhumba zingathatha izinyanga ukuze ziqinisekiswe, zikushiya endaweni yokukhathazeka.

Lapha, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obufinyelelekayo buhlinzeka ngempela. Ukuthola impendulo engokoqobo, esheshayo mayelana nokuthi i-mole ibonisa izithombe ezikhathazayo kungaphula umjikelezo wokukhathazeka. Yeka ukudideka.

Qala ukuskena. Uthola ukufaneleka kokuthi ukukhathazeka kwakho kuqinisekiswe futhi kubhekwe, noma ukuze ukukhathazeka kwakho kuncishiswe ngokuqinisekiswa okusekelwe kudatha. Ukuphila ekungaqinisekeni akusizi muntu.

Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buguqule ukuhlola ama-moles kusuka kokuthola okwakudingeka ukufinyelela kumthombo wezokwelapha kube yinto ongayenza nge-smartphone yakho ngaphansi kwemizuzu emibili. Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo: uthwebula isithombe se-mole okukhathazekile ngayo, futhi ama-algorithms aphakeme ahlaziya izici eziningi zokubona—ukuhluka kombala, ukungajwayelekile komngcele, ukuhamba, nezithombe ezihlotshaniswa nezimo ezitholakalayo noma ezimbi. I-AI ikhulile ezinkulungwaneni zezixazululo ezitholakele, ifunda ukubona izithombe ezithile ezitholakala ngodokotela bezikhumba abaqeqeshiwe.

Ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana, uthola ukuhlola kwe-risks okusize uqonde ukuthi i-mole yakho ibonisa izici ezihlotshaniswa ne-melanoma noma ihambisana nezithombe zama-moles alungile. Lokhu akukhona ukuxilongwa—kukhona kuphela i-biopsy engakwazi ukuqinisekisa i-cancer—kodwa kuyisikhumbuzo esiqinisekisiwe esikuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezicacile. Imiphumela ye-risks ephansi ikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe ngokuzethemba kunokukhathazeka.

Ukuhlola okuphakeme kukunika ubufakazi obudingekayo ukuze ubeke phambili le mhlangano wezikhumba. Kubantu abaphakathi—labo abane-ukhathazeko oluphakathi—ubuchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngamakhono okuqapha, kukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule isithombe se-mole efanayo njalo ngenyanga futhi ubone izinguquko ezincane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezingase zishaywe ngamehlo. Thumela isithombe manje futhi uguqule ukukhathazeka kwe-mole kube ulwazi olusebenzayo. Impilo yakho ifanele kangcono kunokuhlola izithombe ze-Google ezinsukwini ezimnyama nezinyanga zokungaqiniseki.