I-Cutaneous melanoma
Imvamisa
Ezingajwayelekile
Iqembu Leminyaka
Abantu Abadala & Abadala
Intuthuko
Iphakeme
Kuyasabalala
Cha
IMelanoma ngumdlavuza wesikhumba ononya othuthuka kusuka kumaseli akhiqiza umbala abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte. Ivame ukuvela esikhumbeni kodwa ingavela futhi esweni, kumambrani amuncu, noma ngaphansi kwezinzipho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokususwa ngokuphelele kokuhlinzwa kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okwelashwa.
Lena ulwazi jikelele. Ngehlolo uzothola ukuhlaziywa okunembile, okwenziwe ngokwezifiso — kuhlanganise nokuhlola ingcuphe, ukulandelela intuthuko nezinyathelo eziphakanyisiwe.
IMelanoma ithuthuka lapho ama-melanocyte eqongelela ukulimala kofuzo bese ephenduka abe ngumdlavuza, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nokuthambekela okufunwa. Kubantu abaningi, akukho sizathu esisodwa esicacile esingatholakala, kodwa inhlanganisela yokuchayeka kwe-UV, uhlobo lwesikhumba, kanye nofuzo kudlala indima.
Izici eziyinhloko ezibeka engcupheni ye-melanoma ukuvezwa okukhulu noma okuphindaphindiwe kwe-UV, isikhumba esikhanyayo esishiswa kalula, amabala amaningi noma angajwayelekile, umlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni we-melanoma, kanye nobudala obudala. Isikhumba esinsundu sinokuzivikela okuthile, kodwa i-acral ne-subungual melanomas isenzeka futhi ivame ukutholakala kamuva.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-melanoma ukususa ngokuhlinzwa ngendawo ephephile yesikhumba esijwayelekile ezungeze umdlavuza. Uma izindlala zomzimba noma izitho ezikude zihilelekile, ukwelashwa kungase futhi kufake ukuhlinzwa kwezindlala zomzimba, ukwelashwa komzimba, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe, ukwelashwa ngomuthi, kanye/noma imisebe, okukhethwe ngudokotela wezifo zomdlavuza ngokusekelwe esigabeni.
Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha lukhona ngenhloso yokufundisa kuphela futhi alukhulumi iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele. Ngaso sonke isikhathi xhumana nodokotela wezokwelapha noma udokotela uma unokukhathazeka.
I-Actinic keratosis iyindawo enobukhali, enezikali esikhunjeni esivezwe yilanga ebangelwa umonakalo we-UV wesikhathi eside. Kubhekwa njengoshintsho olungaphambi komdlavuza ngoba ingxenye encane ingashintsha ibe yi-squamous cell carcinoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa.
I-Lentigo melanoma iwuhlobo lwe-melanoma evamise ukuthuthuka esikhunjeni esonakele ilanga ebusweni kubantu abadala, ngokuvamile phezu kwepheshana elinsundu elibizwa ngokuthi i-lentigo maligna (Dubreuilh melanosis). Ivame ukukhula kancane ebusweni iminyaka, kodwa uma isiqala ukukhula ijule iba nobudlova, ingasakazeka kumaseli omzimba angaphakathi, futhi ihlale idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kochwepheshe.
Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ye-melanoma ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-UV, ugweme imibhede yokushuka, usebenzise i-sunscreen ebanzi, futhi uvikele isikhumba sakho ngezingubo nomthunzi. Ukuhlolwa kwakho njalo, ukuhlaziywa kwesikhumba se-AI kwethu kokuhlolwa okuvamile, nezivakashi zodokotela ngesikhathi sokushintsha amabala kubaluleke kakhulu.
Noma yimuphi ibala noma indawo emnyama eshintsha ngosayizi, ukuma, umbala, noma iqala ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvuvukala kufanele ihlolwe ngokuphuthumayo ngudokotela wesikhumba noma udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza. Sebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwesikhumba se-AI kwethu ukuhlolwa okuvamile, kodwa ungabambezeli ukuvakashela umuntu uma uhlelo lokusebenza noma ukubona kwakho kukhathaza.
IMelanoma iyisimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha ngoba ukubambezeleka kungaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho noma iyiphi indawo esolisayo kufanele ihlolwe udokotela wesikhumba noma udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni ambalwa. Uma ibala lishintsha ngokushesha, likhipha igazi, noma livuvukala, phatha njengokuphuthumayo futhi uthole ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-Keratoacanthoma iwumdlavuza wesikhumba okhula ngokushesha ovame ukuvela ezindaweni ezithintekile yilanga kubantu abadala abaphakathi naphakathi nabadala. Ibonakala njengobhampa oyindilinga onomgogodla we-keratin (okuyinto eqinile) futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingancipha ngokwayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyihlukanisa ne-squamous cell carcinoma, ngakho odokotela bavame ukuyiphatha njengento engase ibe yingozi.
